Nucleus and Nation

Scientists, International Networks, and Power in India

Robert S. Anderson

• Publisher: University of Chicago Press
• Year: 2010
• Print ISBN: 9780226019758
• eBook ISBN: 9780226019772
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Indian & South Asian History
• Index: Biological Sciences

In 1974 India joined the elite roster of nuclear world powers when it exploded its first nuclear bomb. But the technological progress that facilitated that feat was set in motion many decades before, as India sought both independence from the British and respect from the larger world. Over the course of the twentieth century, India metamorphosed from a marginal place to a serious hub of technological and scientific innovation. It is this tale of transformation that Robert S. Anderson recounts in Nucleus and Nation.

Tracing the long institutional and individual preparations for India's first nuclear test and its consequences, Anderson begins with the careers of India's renowned scientists—Meghnad Saha, Shanti Bhatnagar, Homi Bhabha, and their patron Jawaharlal Nehru—in the first half of the twentieth century before focusing on the evolution of the large and complex scientific community—especially Vikram Sarabhi—in the later part of the era. By contextualizing Indian debates over nuclear power within the larger conversation about modernization and industrialization, Anderson hones in on the thorny issue of the integration of science into the framework and self-reliant ideals of Indian nationalism. In this way, Nucleus and Nation is more than a history of nuclear science and engineering and the Indian Atomic Energy Commission; it is a unique perspective on the history of Indian nationhood and the politics of its scientific community.

Table of contents

• CONTENTS
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Note on Spelling, Photographs, and Currencies
• Map of Atomic Energy, Space, and Defense Research Centers in 1974
• Atomic Energy, Space, and Defense Research Centers in 1974
• List of Abbreviations
• Introduction
• Building Scientific Careers in the 1920s: Saha and Bhatnagar, from London to Allahabad and Lahore
• The Bangalore Affair, 1935–38: Scientists and Conflict around C. V. Raman
• Imagining a Scientific State: Nehru, Scientists, and Political Planning, 1938–42
• Homi Bhabha Confronts Science in India, 1939–44
• Indian Scientists Engage the Empire: The CSIR and the Idea of Atomic and Industrial Power
• Saha, Bhatnagar, and Bhabha in Contrast, 1944–45
• Restless in Calcutta: Meghnad Saha’s Institution-Building
• Bhatnagar Builds a Chain of National Laboratories and StepsUpward
• Bhabha Builds His Institute in Bombay
• The Politics of the Early Indian Atomic Energy Committee and Commission
• Scientists’ Networks, Nehru, and India’s Defense Research and Development
• A Scientist in the Political System: Professor Saha Goes to Parliament, 1952–56
• The Indian Cabinet and Scientific Advice in the 1950sand 1960s: Bhabha, Atomic Energy, and Reforming Scientific and Industrial Research
• A New Scientific Elite: Sarabhai Builds Another Atomic Energy Network, 1966–71
• A Day in the Life of Two Research Institutes in Bombay and Calcutta
• Governance, Management, and Working Conditions in Research Institutes Founded by Saha and Bhabha
• Governance and Influence in the Research Institutes Bhatnagar Built
• Articulating Science and Technology Policy for Indira Gandhi’s Cabinet
• Building a High-Technology Economy through Atomic Energy, Space, and Electronics
• Nuclear Expectations and Resistance in India’s Political Economy
• Scientists in India’s War over Self-Reliance
• The First Bomb Test: Its Context, Reception, and Consequences in India
• The Scientific Community, the State of Emergency, and After, 1975–80
• Conclusions
• Chronology of Events
• Biographical Notes
• Notes
• Index of Names
• Subject Index
• A gallery of photographs appears following page 226