Tidal Energy Systems

Design, Optimization and Control

Vikas Khare, Cheshta Khare, Savita Nema, Prashant Baredar

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2018
• Print ISBN: 9780128148815
• eBook ISBN: 9780128148822
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Energy
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Tidal Energy Systems: Design, Optimization and Control provides a comprehensive overview of concepts, technologies, management and the control of tidal energy systems and tidal power plants. It presents the fundamentals of tidal energy, including the structure of tidal currents and turbulence. Technology, principles, components, operation, and a performance assessment of each component are also covered. Other sections consider pre-feasibility analysis methods, plant operation, maintenance and power generation, reliability assessment in terms of failure distribution, constant failure rate and the time dependent failure model. Finally, the most recent research advances and future trends are reviewed.In addition, applicable real-life examples and a case study of India's tidal energy scenario are included. The book provides ocean energy researchers, practitioners and graduate students with all the information needed to design, deploy, manage and operate tidal energy systems. Senior undergraduate students will also find this to be a useful resource on the fundamentals of tidal energy systems and their components.- Presents the fundamentals of tidal energy, including system components, pre-feasibility analysis, and plant management, operations and control- Explores concepts of sustainability and a reliability analysis of tidal energy systems, as well as their economic aspects and future trends- Covers the assessment of tidal energy systems by optimization technique and game theory

Chapter 1

Introduction to Energy Sources

Abstract

Energy is the important phenomenon in the field of engineering physics. Nowadays, developed and developing countries works toward sustainable development and renewable energy sources. Renewable sources play an important role in current environmental policy worldwide as a competent way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming. This chapter starts from energy basics and energy transformation and also explains the importance of energy transformation. After that, this chapter discusses the types of energy sources as well as the categorization of sources in the terms of primary, secondary, commercial, noncommercial, renewable and nonrenewable. This chapter further explain types of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, wave energy, and hydro energy, while addressing their benefits and limitations. The present worldwide scenario of renewable energy systems is explained in a broad way in terms of annual investment by the country, present energy consumption, final energy consumption etc. At last, this chapter analyzes the impact of renewable energy sources from the environmental point of view.

Keywords

Renewable energy source; Conventional energy source; Solar energy; Wind energy; Biomass energy; Wave energy; Renewable energy scenario

Contents

• 1.1 Energy and Its Transformation
• 1.2 Types of Energy Sources
  • 1.2.1 Primary and Secondary Energy
  • 1.2.2 Commercial Energy and Noncommercial Energy
• 1.3 Nonrenewable Energy Resource
  • 1.3.1 Categories of Nonrenewable Resources for Electricity Generation
• 1.4 Renewable Energy Sources for Electricity Generation
  • 1.4.1 Mainstream Renewable Technologies
• 1.5 Worldwide Current Scenario of Renewable Energy System
• 1.6 Environmental Aspects of Renewable Energy Sources
  • 1.6.1 Environmental Impacts of Different Technologies
• Exercise
  • Objective Type Question
  • Descriptive Type Question
• Further Reading

1.1 Energy and Its Transformation

In physics and the field of engineering, energy is a versatile property of a generous system that cannot be directly pragmatic but can be evaluated from one circumstance to another with certain performance parameters. Energy plays an important role in any physical system and in different engineering applications, but it is difficult to give a definition of energy in a broad way because one form of energy converts into different forms of energy. However, the most frequent definition is that it is the capability of a system to perform desired work. A running person is said to be more energetic compared to a sleeping person. In physics, a moving particle is said to have more energy than an identical particle at rest.

The characterization of work in engineering physics is the faction of a force throughout a distance and energy is deliberate in the identical units as work. If any human being pushes an entity n meters beside a conflicting force of f newton, fn joules(Newton-meters) of work has been done on the given entity; the personnel body has lost fn joules of energy and the entity has gained Fx joules of energy. In Fig. 1.1, a person emitted radiation energy from his or her own eyes, which shows how the power of the eye can be converted into radiation energy. The SI unit of energy is given by the joule (J) (the equivalent to a newton-meter or a watt-second), the CGS unit is the erg, and the Imperial unit is the foot pound. Other energy units such as the electron volt,calorie,BTU, and kilowatt-hour (1 kWh = 3600 kJ) are used in specific areas of science and commerce. Due to the conserved property, there is a major significance of energy in engineering because it depends on the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be changed into different forms. For example, in a mixer grinder, electrical energy converts into mechanical and sound energy. A hair dryer is one of the best examples that shows how one form of energy converts into a different form of energy. That's because, in a hair dryer, electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy, thermal energy, and sound energy. Both examples show the phenomenon of energy transformation because energy transformation is the change of energy from one form to another.

Fig. 1.1 Radiation energy from eyes.

Energy transformation occurs everywhere every second of the day. Energy is converted from one form to another form; this conversion is also part of energy transformation, such as through fuel cell chemical energy conversion into useful electric energy. For electricity generation through hydro energy, ...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• About the Authors
• Chapter 1: Introduction to Energy Sources
• Chapter 2: Introduction of Tidal Energy
• Chapter 3: Prefeasibility Assessment of a Tidal Energy System
• Chapter 4: Optimum Sizing and Modeling of Tidal Energy Systems
• Chapter 5: Control System of Tidal Power Plant
• Chapter 6: Reliability Assessment Model
• Chapter 7: Tidal Energy Assessment and Economics
• Index