Printed Antennas

Theory and Design

Binod Kumar Kanaujia, Surendra Kumar Gupta, Jugul Kishor, Deepak Gangwar, Binod Kumar Kanaujia, Surendra Kumar Gupta, Jugul Kishor, Deepak Gangwar

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN:
  9780367614867
• eBook ISBN:
  9781000218275
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Printed antennas have become an integral part of next-generation wireless communications and have been found to be commonly used to improve system capacity, data rate, reliability, etc. This book covers theory, design techniques, and the chronological regression of the printed antennas for various applications. This book will provide readers with the basic conceptual knowledge about antennas along with advanced techniques for antenna design. It covers a variety of analytical techniques and their CAD applications and discusses new applications of printed antenna technology such as sensing. The authors also present special reconfigurable antennas such as ME dipole, polarization, feeding, and DGS. The book will be useful to students as an introduction to design and applications of antennas. Additionally, experienced researchers in this field will find this book a ready reference and benefit from the techniques of research in printed antennas included in this book. Following are some of the salient features of this book:

• Covers a variety of analytical techniques and their CAD applications
• Discusses new applications of printed antenna technology such as sensing
• Examines the state of design techniques of printed antenna
• Presents special reconfigurable antennas such as ME dipole, polarization, feeding, and DGS

1 Basic Theory and Design of Printed Antennas

Dr. Shilpee Patil

Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida

Prof. Binod Kumar Kanaujia

Jawaharlal Nehru University, New delhi

Dr. Anil Kumar Singh

M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly

Contents

1.1 Evolution and Upcoming Growth of Printed Antennas

1.2 Features of Printed Antennas

1.2.1 Feeding Techniques

1.2.1.1 Coaxial Feeding

1.2.1.2 Microstrip Feeding

1.2.1.3 Proximity-Coupled Feeding

1.2.1.4 Aperture-Coupled Feeding

1.2.2 Performance Factors of Printed Antennas

1.2.2.1 Radiation Pattern

1.2.2.2 Directivity

1.2.2.3 Antenna Gain

1.2.2.4 Bandwidth

1.2.2.5 Polarization

1.2.2.6 Axial Ratio

1.3 Characteristics of Printed Antennas

1.3.1 Different Shapes of Printed Antennas

1.3.2 General Characteristics of Basic Patches

1.3.2.1 The Rectangular Patch

1.3.2.2 The Circular Patch

1.3.2.3 The Triangular Patch

1.3.2.4 Annular Ring Patch

1.4 Field of Applications for Printed Antennas

1.4.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Printed Antennas

1.5 Techniques Developed for Low-Profile Printed Antennas

1.5.1 Features of Printed Antenna Technology

1.5.2 Basic Issues and Design Limitations

1.6 Analysis Methods for Some Common Patches

1.6.1 Analysis of Rectangular Patch Antenna by Transmission Line Model

1.6.2 Analysis of Circular Patch Antenna by Cavity Model

1.7 Special Measurement Techniques for Printed Antennas

1.7.1 Substrate Properties

1.7.2 Connector Characterization

1.7.3 Measurements of Printed Lines and Networks

1.7.4 Near-Field Probing

1.7.5 Efficiency Measurement

1.8 Summary Remarks

References

1.1 Evolution and Upcoming Growth of Printed Antennas

Wireless communication is the latest emerging pillar in the field of communication. It has reshaped the way of communication and connectivity. Its various applications such as broadcast of information, personal communication, satellite communication and mobile communication have notable merits such as simplicity in design, light weight, easy execution and estimate. The progress in wireless local area networks (WLANs), cell phone networks, satellite communication and other different wireless networks shows the demand as well as interest in the distinctive area of information technology and communication. Due to the blooming of advanced communication applications, there is a high demand of highly advanced and smart antennas, which are regarded as the key for wireless technologies. For wireless technology, the antenna with multiband operating property having high performance and features such as easy to control, easily manufactured, light weight, and simple structure etc. are preferred. Its two most interesting features are: physical simplification and flat structure, which lead the printed antennas to be the common choice of designers to assemble a printed antenna. Due to its engineering process, the simplest form of printed antenna is micro-strip antenna. Now-a-days electronic circuits not only used for a transmission line but also components such as filters, couplers, resonators, etc. frequently use an open-wave guiding structure known as micro-strip.. The use of micro-strip for constructing antennas is a new development, and an example of a micro-strip antenna is shown in Figure 1.1. The conducting ground plane supports the complete lower portion of the dielectric substrate, whereas the printed conducting strip is placed at the upper portion of the dielectric substrate.

FIGURE 1.1 Basic configuration of a printed antenna.

Designers worldwide are emphasizing the use of printed antenna, especially for low profile radiators, as it is a traditional and well-established antenna. The remarkable use of printed or micro-strip antennas in many established techniques makes it more reliable. Because of the rapid growth and progress in the antenna technology in a short duration of one to two decades, the historical evolution of the present-day antenna has become significant and interesting to read. With the rapidly increasing research and development and ever-growing research publications in the field of antenna, it would be worth saying that nowadays printed antennas have become dominant among the family of antennas. Now the demand is for more inventive printed antenna structures having reliable manufacturing approach. The main focus area for the contemporary system is lower profile antennas with low cost and less weight. However, the designer’s ability to regulate the process of manufacturing in a controlled manner leads to effectively modelled structures and reduced costs of the antenna. This book brings out the foremost concern of the designers and researchers for having a detailed computer modelling of printed antennas due to the latter’s challenges in the antenna domain.

Initially, Greig and Englemann [1] reported a new technique for transmission of kilo-mega range of waves and Deschamp [2] included the concept of microstrip antenna origin which is one of link from various sources. At that time the originated stripline structure emitting the undesirable radiations. To reduce the unwanted radiations from the circuit, the size of the conducting strip and substrate dimensions were reduced, which resulted in the creation of ‘microstrip’. The concept that the arrival of the transistor was the turning point in the development of planar printed circuits had been questionable, but the main attention was to develop such circuits and microwave filters having low cost. Though less or no attention was given to the radiation loss, the nature of the radiation from stripline circuits was taken into consideration by Lewin [3]. Due to the development of new generation missiles, there was an urgent demand for low profile printed antennas in the early 1970s; otherwise, th...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Editors
• Contributors
• Chapter 1 Basic Theory and Design of Printed Antennas
• Chapter 2 Latest Trends in the Field of Printed Antennas
• Chapter 3 Radiation Pattern Agility of Printed Antennas
• Chapter 4 Band Hopping in Printed Antennas 95
• Chapter 5 Pattern and Polarization Diversity in Antennas
• Chapter 6 Compact Printed Antenna Designs: Need for UWB Communications
• Chapter 7 Circularly Polarized Printed Antennas
• Chapter 8 Special Techniques of Printed Antenna
• Chapter 9 Reconfigurable Printed Antennas
• Chapter 10 Dielectric Resonator-Based Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antennas
• Chapter 11 Advances in Patch Antenna Design Using EBG Structures
• Chapter 12 Design of Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) Printed Antennas
• Index