Sinking of the Titanic and Great Sea Disasters

Logan Marshall

• Publisher: libreka classics
• Year: 2019
• eBook ISBN: 9783742907301
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Geography
• Index: Geography

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SINKING OF THE TITANIC

AND GREAT SEA DISASTERS

By Various

Edited by Logan Marshall

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Pre-Frontispiece Caption: THE TITANIC

The largest and finest steamship in the world; on her maiden voyage, loaded with a human freight of over 2,300 souls, she collided with a huge iceberg 600 miles southeast of Halifax, at 11.40 P.M. Sunday April 14, 1912, and sank two and a half hours later, carrying over 1,600 of her passengers and crew with her.

Frontispiece Caption: CAPTAIN E. J. SMITH

Of the ill-fated giant of the sea; a brave and seasoned commander who was carried to his death with his last and greatest ship.

Sinking of the Titanic and Great Sea Disasters

A Detailed and Accurate Account of the Most Awful Marine Disaster in History, Constructed from the Real Facts as Obtained from Those on Board Who Survived..........

ONLY AUTHORITATIVE BOOK

INCLUDING Records of Previous Great Disasters of the Sea, Descriptions of the Developments of Safety and Life-saving Appliances, a Plain Statement of the Causes of Such Catastrophes and How to Avoid Them, the Marvelous Development of Shipbuilding, etc.

With a Message of Spiritual Consolation by REV. HENRY VAN DYKE, D.D.

EDITED BY LOGAN MARSHALL

Author of "Life of Theodore Roosevelt," etc.

ILLUSTRATED With Numerous Authentic Photographs and Drawings

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Dedication

To the 1635 souls who were lost with the ill-fated Titanic, and especially to those heroic men, who, instead of trying to save themselves, stood aside that women and children might have their chance; of each of them let it be written, as it was written of a Greater One—"He Died that Others might Live"

"I stood in unimaginable trance
And agony that cannot be remembered."—COLERIDGE

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Dr. Van Dyke's Spiritual Consolation to the Survivors of the Titanic

The Titanic, greatest of ships, has gone to her ocean grave. What has she left behind her? Think clearly.

She has left debts. Vast sums of money have been lost. Some of them are covered by insurance which will be paid. The rest is gone. All wealth is insecure.

She has left lessons. The risk of running the northern course when it is menaced by icebergs is revealed. The cruelty of sending a ship to sea without enough life-boats and life-rafts to hold her company is exhibited and underlined in black.

She has left sorrows. Hundreds of human hearts and homes are in mourning for the loss of dear companions and friends. The universal sympathy which is written in every face and heard in every voice proves that man is more than the beasts that perish. It is an evidence of the divine in humanity. Why should we care? There is no reason in the world, unless there is something in us that is different from lime and carbon and phosphorus, something that makes us mortals able to suffer together—

But there is more than this harvest of debts, and lessons, and sorrows, in the tragedy of the sinking of the Titanic. There is a great ideal. It is clearly outlined and set before the mind and heart of the modern world, to approve and follow, or to despise and reject.

It is, "Women and children first!"

Whatever happened on that dreadful April night among the arctic ice, certainly that was the order given by the brave and steadfast captain; certainly that was the law obeyed by the men on the doomed ship. But why? There is no statute or enactment of any nation to enforce such an order. There is no trace of such a rule to be found in the history of ancient civilizations. There is no authority for it among the heathen races to-day. On a Chinese ship, if we may believe the report of an official representative, the rule would have been "Men First, children next, and women last."

There is certainly no argument against this barbaric rule on physical or material grounds. On the average, a man is stronger than a woman, he is worth more than a woman, he has a longer prospect of life than a woman. There is no reason in all the range of physical and economic science, no reason in all the philosophy of the Superman, why he should give his place in the life-boat to a woman.

Where, then, does this rule which prevailed in the sinking Titanic come from? It comes from God, through the faith of Jesus of Nazareth.

It is the ideal of self-sacrifice. It is the rule that "the strong ought to bear the infirmities of those that are weak." It is the divine revelation which is summed up in the words: "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends."

It needs a tragic catastrophe like the wreck of the Titanic to bring out the absolute contradiction between this ideal and all the counsels of materialism and selfish expediency.

I do not say that the germ of this ideal may not be found in other religions. I do not say that they are against it. I do not ask any man to accept my theology (which grows shorter and simpler as I grow older), unless his heart leads him to it. But this I say: The ideal that the strength of the strong is given them to protect and save the weak, the ideal which animates the rule of "Women and children first," is in essential harmony with the spirit of Christ.

If what He said about our Father in Heaven is true, this ideal is supremely reasonable. Otherwise it is hard to find arguments for it. The tragedy of facts sets the question clearly before us. Think about it. Is this ideal to survive and prevail in our civilization or not?

Without it, no doubt, we may have riches and power and dominion. But what a world to live in!

Only through the belief that the strong are bound to protect and save the weak because God wills it so, can we hope to keep self-sacrifice, and love, and heroism, and all the things that make us glad to live and not afraid to die.

HENRY VAN DYKE.

PRINCETON, N. J., April 18, 1912.

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Contents

DETAILIED CONTENTS FACTS ABOUT THE WRECK OF THE TITANIC CHAPTER I. FIRST NEWS OF THE GREATEST MARINE DISASTER IN HISTORY CHAPTER II. THE MOST SUMPTUOUS PALACE AFLOAT CHAPTER III. THE MAIDEN VOYAGE OF THE TITANIC CHAPTER IV. SOME OF THE NOTABLE PASSENGERS CHAPTER V. THE TITANIC STRIKES AN ICEBERG! CHAPTER VI. "WOMEN AND CHILDREN FIRST!" CHAPTER VII. LEFT TO THEIR FATE CHAPTER VIII. THE CALL FOR HELP HEARD CHAPTER IX. IN THE DRIFTING LIFE-BOATS CHAPTER X. ON BOARD THE CARPATHIA CHAPTER XI. PREPARATIONS ON LAND TO RECEIVE THE SUFFERERS CHAPTER XII. THE TRAGIC HOME-COMING LIST OF SURVIVORS LIST OF SURVIVORS—SECOND CABIN CHAPTER XIII. THE STORY OF CHARLES F. HURD CHAPTER XIV. THRILLING ACCOUNT BY L. BEASLEY CHAPTER XV. JACK THAYER'S OWN STORY OF THE WRECK CHAPTER XVI. INCIDENTS RELATED BY JAMES McGOUGH CHAPTER XVII. WIRELESS OPERATOR PRAISES HEROIC WORK CHAPTER XVIII. STORY OF THE STEWARD CHAPTER XIX. HOW THE WORLD RECEIVED THE NEWS CHAPTER XX. BRAVERY OF THE OFFICERS AND CREW CHAPTER XXI. SEARCHING FOR THE DEAD LIST OF IDENTIFIED DEAD CHAPTER XXII. CRITICISM OF ISMAY CHAPTER XXIII. THE FINANCIAL LOSS CHAPTER XXIV. OPINIONS OF EXPERTS CHAPTER XXV. OTHER GREAT MARINE DISASTERS CHAPTER XXVI. DEVELOPMENT OF SHIPBUILDING CHAPTER XXVII. SAFETY AND LIFE-SAVING DEVICES CHAPTER XXVIII. TIME FOR REFLECTION AND REFORMS CHAPTER XXIX. THE SENATORIAL INVESTIGATION

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DETAILED CONTENTS

CHAPTER I FIRST NEWS OF THE GREATEST MARINE DISASTER IN HISTORY
"The Titanic in collision, but everybody safe"—Another triumph set
down to wireless telegraphy—The world goes to sleep peacefully—The sad
awakening
CHAPTER II THE MOST SUMPTUOUS PALACE AFLOAT
Dimensions of the Titanic—Capacity—Provisions for the comfort
and entertainment of passengers—Mechanical equipment—The army of
attendants required
CHAPTER III THE MAIDEN VOYAGE OF THE TITANIC
Preparations for the voyage—Scenes of gayety—The boat sails—Incidents
of the voyage—A collision narrowly averted—The boat on fire—Warned of
icebergs
CHAPTER IV SOME OF THE NOTABLE PASSENGERS
Sketches of prominent men and women on board, including Major Archibald
Butt, John Jacob Astor, Benjamin Guggenheim, Isidor Straus, J. Bruce
Ismay, Geo. D. Widener, Colonel Washington Roebling, 2d, Charles M.
Hays, W. T. Stead and others
CHAPTER V THE TITANIC STRIKES AN ICEBERG!
Tardy attention to warning responsible for accident—The danger not
realized at first—An interrupted card game—Passengers joke among
themselves—The real truth dawns—Panic on board—Wireless calls for
help.
CHAPTER VI "WOMEN AND CHILDREN FIRST"
Cool-headed officers and crew bring order out of chaos—Filling the
life-boats—Heartrending scenes as families are parted—Four life-boats
lost—Incidents of bravery—"The boats are all filled!"
CHAPTER VII LEFT TO THEIR FATE
Coolness and heroism of those left to perish—Suicide of
Murdock—Captain Smith's end—The ship's band plays a noble hymn as the
vessel goes down.
CHAPTER VIII THE CALL FOR HELP HEARD
The value of the wireless—Other ships alter their course—Rescuers on
the way.
CHAPTER IX IN THE DRIFTING LIFE-BOATS
Sorrow and suffering—The survivors see the Titanic go down with their
loved ones on board—A night of agonizing suspense—Women help to
row—Help arrives—Picking up the life-boats.
CHAPTER X ON BOARD THE CARPATHIA
Aid for the suffering and hysterical—Burying the dead—Vote of
thanks to Captain Rostron of the Carpathia—Identifying those
saved—Communicating with land—The passage to New York.
CHAPTER XI PREPARATIONS ON LAND TO RECEIVE THE SUFFERERS
Police arrangements—Donations of money and supplies—Hospital and
ambulances made ready—Private houses thrown open—Waiting for the
Carpathia to arrive—The ship sighted!
CHAPTER XII THE TRAGIC HOME-COMING
The Carpathia reaches New York—An intense and dramatic
moment—Hysterical reunions and crushing disappointments at the
dock—Caring for the sufferers—Final realization that all hope for
others is futile—List of survivors—Roll of the dead.
CHAPTER XIII THE STORY OF CHARLES F. HURD
How the Titanic sank—Water strewn with dead bodies—Victims met death
with hymn on their lips.
CHAPTER XIV THRILLING ACCOUNT BY L. BEASLEY
Collision only a slight jar—Passengers could not believe the vessel
doomed—Narrow escape of life-boats—Picked up by the Carpathia.
CHAPTER XV JACK THAYER'S OWN STORY OF THE WRECK
Seventeen-year-old son of Pennsylvania Railroad official tells
moving story of his rescue—Told mother to be brave—Separated from
parents—Jumped when vessel sank—Drifted on overturned boat—Picked up
by Carpathia.
CHAPTER XVI INCIDENTS RELATED BY JAMES McGOUGH
Women forced into the life-boats—Why some men were saved before
women—Asked to man life-boats.
CHAPTER XVII WIRELESS OPERATOR PRAISES HEROIC WORK
Story of Harold Bride, the surviving wireless operator of the Titanic,
who was washed overboard and rescued by life-boat—Band played ragtime
and "Autumn".
CHAPTER XVIII STORY OF THE STEWARD
Passengers and crew dying when taken aboard Carpathia—One woman saved
a dog—English colonel swam for hours when boat with mother aboard
capsized.
CHAPTER XIX HOW THE WORLD RECEIVED THE NEWS
Nations prostrate with grief—Messages from kings and
cardinals—Disaster stirs world to necessity of stricter regulations.
CHAPTER XX BRAVERY OF THE OFFICERS AND CREW
Illustrious career of Captain E. J. Smith—Brave to the
last—Maintenance of order and discipline—Acts of heroism—Engineers
died at posts—Noble-hearted band.
CHAPTER XXI SEARCHING FOR THE DEAD
Sending out the Mackay-Bennett and Minia—Bremen passengers see
bodies—Identifying bodies—Confusion in names—Recoveries.
CHAPTER XXII CRITICISM OF ISMAY
Criminal and cowardly conduct charged—Proper caution not exercised when
presence of icebergs was known—Should have stayed on board to help
in work of rescue—Selfish and unsympathetic actions on board the
Carpathia—Ismay's defense—William E. Carter's statement.
CHAPTER XXIII THE FINANCIAL LOSS
Titanic not fully insured—Valuable cargo and mail—No chance for
salvage—Life insurance loss—Loss to the Carpathia.
CHAPTER XXIV OPINIONS OF EXPERTS
Captain E. K. Roden, Lewis Nixon, General Greely and Robert H. Kirk
point out lessons taught by Titanic disaster and needed changes in
construction.
CHAPTER XXV OTHER GREAT MARINE DISASTERS.
Deadly danger of icebergs—Dozens of ships perish in collision—Other
disasters.
CHAPTER XXVI DEVELOPMENT OF SHIPBUILDING
Evolution of water travel—Increases in size of vessels—Is there any
limit?—Achievements in speed—Titanic not the last word.
CHAPTER XXVII SAFETY AND LIFE-SAVING DEVICES
Wireless telegraphy—Water-tight bulkheads—Submarine
signals—Life-boats and rafts—Nixon's pontoon—Life-preservers and
buoys—Rockets.
CHAPTER XXVIII TIME FOR REFLECTION AND REFORM
Speed and luxury overemphasized—Space needed for life-boats devoted to
swimming pools and squash-courts—Mania for speed records compels use of
dangerous routes and prevents proper caution in foggy weather—Life
more valuable than luxury—Safety more important than speed—An aroused
public opinion necessary—International conference recommended—Adequate
life-saving equipment should be compulsory—Speed regulations in bad
weather—Co-operation in arranging schedules to keep vessels within
reach of each other—Legal regulations.
CHAPTER XXIX THE SENATORIAL INVESTIGATION
Prompt action of the Government—Senate committee probes disaster and
brings out details—Testimony of Ismay, officers, crew passengers and
other witnesses.

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FACTS ABOUT THE WRECK OF THE TITANIC

NUMBER of persons aboard, 2340. Number of life-boats and rafts, 20. Capacity of each life-boat, 50 passengers and crew of 8. Utmost capacity of life-boats and rafts, about 1100. Number of life-boats wrecked in launching, 4. Capacity of life-boats safely launched, 928. Total number of persons taken in life-boats, 711. Number who died in life-boats, 6. Total number saved, 705. Total number of Titanic's company lost, 1635.

The cause of the disaster was a collision with an iceberg in latitude 41.46 north, longitude 50.14 west. The Titanic had had repeated warnings of the presence of ice in that part of the course. Two official warnings had been received defining the position of the ice fields. It had been calculated on the Titanic that she would reach the ice fields about 11 o'clock Sunday night. The collision occurred at 11.40. At that time the ship was driving at a speed of 21 to 23 knots, or about 26 miles, an hour.

There had been no details of seamen assigned to each boat.

Some of the boats left the ship without seamen enough to man the oars.

Some of the boats were not more than half full of passengers.

The boats had no provisions, some of them had no water stored, some were without sail equipment or compasses.

In some boats, which carried sails wrapped and bound, there was not a person with a knife to cut the ropes. In some boats the plugs in the bottom had been pulled out and the women passengers w...

Table of contents

• SINKING OF THE TITANIC
• CHAPTER VIII. THE CALL FOR HELP HEARD
• CHAPTER XV. JACK THAYER'S OWN STORY OF THE WRECK
• CHAPTER XXIX. THE SENATORIAL INVESTIGATION