Genetical Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Dr M Kearsey, Dr H Pooni

• Publisher: Garland Science
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9780748740826
• eBook ISBN: 9781000144178
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Biology
• Index: Biological Sciences

This text provides a guide to the experimental and analytical methodologies available to study quantitative traits, a review of the genetic control of quantitative traits, and a discussion of how this knowledge can be applied to breeding problems and evolution.

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Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• Dedication
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Qualitative, single gene differences
• 1.2 What are quantitative traits?
• 1.3 Who studies quantitative traits?
• 1.4 Why are quantitative traits important?
• 1.5 What do we need to know about quantitative traits?
• 1.6 Historical development of quantitative genetics
• Summary
• Further reading
• 2 Basic generations - means
• 2.1 Single gene model with additive and dominance effects
• 2.2 Two gene model with additive and dominance effects
• 2.3 Multiple gene model with additive and dominance effects
• 2.4 Extension to other generations
• 2.5 Relationships between generation means
• 2.6 Estimating genetical parameters
• 2.7 Interpretation: heterosis and potence ratio
• Summary
• References
• 3 Basic generations- variances
• 3.2 Environmental variation
• 3.3 Estimating environmental variance
• 3.4 Variation in the segregating generations
• 3.5 Estimation of genetical components
• 3.6 Heritability, h2
• 3.7 Relationships between [a] and V*a, and [d] and V*D
• 3.8 Dominance ratio
• 3.9 Variances and means
• References
• 4 Selfing and full-sib mating
• 4.1 Selfing: F3 families
• 4.2 Selfing: F4 families and beyond
• 4.3 Applications of selfing theory
• 4.4 Variation between inbred lines derived from an F2
• 4.5 Sib-mating an F2
• 4.6 Sib-mating: regression of offspring onto the parents
• 4.7 Further inbreeding by full-sib mating
• 4.8 Estimation of variance components by weighted least squares
• 4.9 Unequal family sizes
• Summary
• References
• 5 Half-sib mating designs
• 5.1 The North Carolina Experiment I: NCI
• 5.2 The North Carolina Experiment II: NCII
• 5.3 General and specific combining ability
• 5.4 Multiple NCIIs
• 5.5 The North Carolina Experiment III: NCIII
• 5.6 The Triple Test Cross: TTC
• 5.7 The diallel cross
• 5.8 HS designs using inbred lines from an F2 as parents
• Summary
• References
• 6 Genes, genetic markers and maps
• 6.1 Genetic markers
• 6.3 Mutations in structural genes
• 6.4 Molecular genetic markers
• 6.5 Chiasmata, crossing over and genetic exchange
• 6.6 Chiasma frequency and recombination frequency
• 6.7 Estimation of recombination frequency
• 6.8 Mapping functions
• 6.9 Segregation distortion
• Summary
• References
• Further reading
• 7.2 Background to methodology
• 7.3 QTL and marker loci in segregating generations
• 7.4 Handling more than one QTL on a chromosome
• 7.5 Biometrical methods of gene counting
• 7.6 General conclusions on QTL counting and locating
• Summary
• References
• Further reading
• 8 Designer chromosomes
• 8.1 Chromosome engineering
• 8.2 Locating a QTL within the substituted region
• 8.3 Detecting substitution effects
• 8.4 Manipulating whole chromosomes
• 8.5 Chromosome substitution methods in different species
• 8.6 Use of chromosome substitution lines
• Summary
• References
• 9 Populations
• 9.2 Solutions
• 9.3 Consequences of definitions of VA and VD
• 9.4 Studies of human populations
• 9.5 The use of twins
• 9.6 Heritabilities of human traits
• 9.7 Genotype-environment correlation
• 9.8 Diallel crosses
• 9.9 Inbreeding in a population
• Summary
• References
• 10 The consequences of linkage
• 10.1 Genetic variation with linkage
• 10.2 Extension to more than two genes
• 10.3 Linkage and random mating an F2
• 10.4 Linkage and inbreeding an F2
• 10.6 Tests of linkage
• 10.7 Sex linkage
• 10.8 Basic generations of single crosses
• 10.9 Full-sib families
• 10.10 Half-sib designs
• Summary
• References
• 11 Epistasis
• 11.1 Definitions
• 11.2 Relationship with classical epistasis
• 11.3 What is parameter m?
• 11.4 The effects of association and dispersion on epistasis
• 11.5 Deriving the expectations of generation means
• 11.6 Estimates and tests of significance
• 11.7 Determining the type of epistasis for a multigene case
• 11.9 Higher order interactions
• 11.10 Epistasis and variances
• Summary
• References
• 12 Genotype by environment interaction
• 12.1 The nature and causes of G x E
• 12.2 Tests of G x E
• 12.3 Macro-environ-mental variables
• 12.4 G x E with many lines
• 12.5 Interpretation of G x E analysis
• 12.6 Predictions in the presence of G x E
• 12.7 Conclusions from the genetic analysis of G x E
• 12.8 Selection in heterogeneous environments
• 12.9 Other methods of analysis
• 12.10 G x E- stability versus flexibility
• Summary
• References
• Further reading
• 13 Maternal effects and non-diploids
• 13.2 Models for generation means
• 13.3 Maternal effects and scaling tests
• 13.4 Generation variances
• 13.5 Maternal effects in FS and HS designs
• 13.6 Haploids and polyploids
• 13.7 Basic generations with haploids
• 13.8 Multiple mating designs with haploids
• 13.9 Basic generations with polyploids
• 13.10 Multiple mating designs with polyploids
• Summary
• References
• 14 Correlated and threshold characters
• 14.1 Correlations between characters
• 14.2 Environmental correlations
• 14.3 Genetic correlations
• 14.4 Genetic covariation and design of experiment
• 14.5 Causes of covariation
• 14.6 General conclusions about correlations
• 14.7 Threshold traits
• 14.8 Handling threshold traits
• 14.9 Two or more thresholds
• Summary
• Further reading
• 15 Applications
• 15.1 Choice of breeding objective
• 15.2 The causes of heterosis
• 15.3 Predicting the breeding potential of crosses
• 15.4 Effects of failed assumptions on predictions of RILsand SCHs
• 15.5 Predicting the response to selection
• 15.6 Correlated response to selection
• 15.7 Indirect selection
• 15.8 Multi-trait selection
• 15.9 Marker-based selection
• 15.10 Genetic architecture of populations
• 15.11 Human populations
• Summary
• References
• Further reading
• 16 Experimental design
• 16.1 Replication
• 16.2 Power of experiments
• 16.3 Power of biometrical experiments ba,sed on ANOVA
• 16.4 Reliability of the additive genetic variance
• 16.5 Data analysis
• Summary
• References
• Appendix A Precision of h2n with FS families
• Appendix B Precision of h2n with HS families
• Appendix C Statistical tables; F, χ2, t
• Appendix D Normal deviate and intensity of selection (i)
• Appendix E Area under the normal curve
• Appendix F The weighted least squares procedure
• Symbols
• Problems
• Answers to problems
• Index