Despite their wide availability and relatively low prices, the conventional energy sources have harmful consequences on the environment and are exhaustible. In order to circumvent these negative effects, the renewable energies in general and the photovoltaic energy in particular are becoming more and more attractive. Solar cell is an electrical device that converts light into electricity at the atomic level. These devices use inorganic or organic semiconductor materials that absorb photons with energy greater than their bandgap to promote energy carriers into their conduction band. They do not pollute the atmosphere by releasing harmful gases, do not require any fuel to produce electricity, and do not move parts so they are rugged. Solar panels have a very long life and do not need much maintenance.
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Solar Panels and Photovoltaic Materials
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Information
Chapter
1
Introductory
Chapter:
Introduction
to
Photovoltaic
Effect
Beddiaf
Zaidi
Additional
information
is
available
at
the
end
of
the
chapter
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74389
1.
Spectral
characteristics
of
solar
radiation
Solar
radiation
is
a
radiant
energy
emied
by
the
Sun
as
a
result
of
its
nuclear
fusion
reactions.
Spectral
characteristics
of
solar
radiation,
both
external
to
the
Earth’s
atmosphere
and
at
the
ground,
can
be
seen
in
Figure
1
.
Over
99%
of
the
energy
flux
from
the
Sun
is
in
the
spectral
region
of
0.15–4
μm,
with
approximately
50%
in
the
visible
light
region
of
0.4–0.7
μm.
The
total
amount
of
energy
emied
by
the
Sun
and
received
at
the
extremity
of
the
Earth’s
atmo
-
sphere
is
constant,
that
is,
1370
W/m
2
/s.
The
amount
of
energy
received
per
unit
area
of
the
Figure
1.
Spectral
distribution
of
radiation
intensity
[1].
©
2018
The
Author(s).
Licensee
IntechOpen.
This
chapter
is
distributed
under
the
terms
of
the
Creative
Commons
Attribution
License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0),
which
permits
unrestricted
use,
distribution,
and
reproduction
in
any
medium,
provided
the
original
work
is
properly
cited.
Table of contents
- Solar Panels and Photovoltaic Materials
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1 Introductory Chapter: Introduction to Photovoltaic Effect
- Chapter 2 A Review of Recycling Processes for Photovoltaic Modules
- Chapter 3 Quantum Two-Level Model for Excitonic Solar Cells
- Chapter 4 Effects of the Novel Micro-Structure on the Reflectance of Photovoltaic Silicon Solar Cell
- Chapter 5 From 11% Thin Film to 23% Heterojunction Technology (HJT) PV Cell: Research, Development and Implementation Related 1600 × 1000 mm2 PV Modules in Industrial Production
- Chapter 6 Perovskite-Structured Photovoltaic Materials
- Chapter 7 Degradation Monitoring of Photovoltaic Plants: Advanced GIS Applications
- Chapter 8 Multicell Design for Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) Module
- Chapter 9 Single-Switch Differential Power Processing PWM Converter to Enhance Energy Yield of Photovoltaic Panels under Partial Shading
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