- 272 pages
- English
- PDF
- Available on iOS & Android
About this book
Unconventional heavy crude oils are replacing the conventional light crude oils slowly but steadily as a major energy source. Heavy crude oils are cheaper and present an opportunity to the refiners to process them with higher profit margins. However, the unfavourable characteristics of heavy crude oils such as high viscosity, low API gravity, low H/C ratio, chemical complexity with high asphaltenes content, high acidity, high sulfur and increased level of metal and heteroatom impurities impede extraction, pumping, transportation and processing. Very poor mobility of the heavy oils, due to very high viscosities, significantly affects production and transportation. Techniques for viscosity reduction, drag reduction and in-situ upgrading of the crude oil to improve the flow characteristics in pipelines are presented in this book. The heavier and complex molecules of asphaltenes with low H/C ratios present many technological challenges during the refining of the crude oil, such as heavy coking on catalysts. Hydrogen addition and carbon removal are the two approaches used to improve the recovery of value-added products such as gasoline and diesel. In addition, the heavy crude oil needs pre-treatment to remove the high levels of impurities before the crude oil can be refined. This book introduces the major challenges and some of the methods to overcome them.
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Table of contents
- Processing of Heavy Crude Oils - Challenges and Opportunities
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter1 Introductory Chapter: Heavy Crude Oil Processing - An Overview
- Chapter2 Methods for Enhancing Recovery of Heavy Crude Oil
- Chapter3 PVT Properties of Black Crude Oil
- Chapter4 Pumping System of Heavy Oil Production
- Chapter5 Modeling Friction Losses in theWater-Assisted PipelineTransportation of Heavy Oil
- Chapter6 Ablation of Oil-Sand Lumps in Hydrotransport Pipelines
- Chapter7 Evaluation of Asphaltenes Deposition Inhibition Factors in Heavy Crude Oil Pipelines
- Chapter8 Flow of Heavy Oils at LowTemperatures: Potential Challenges and Solutions
- Chapter9 Challenges during Operation and Shutdown of Waxy Crude Pipelines
- Chapter10 Pre-Treatment of Heavy Crude Oils for Refining
- Chapter11 RecentTechniques for the Removal of Naphthenic Acid from Heavy Crude Oils
- Chapter12 Nickel Tetraphenylporphine Extraction from Model Heavy Oil Using Ionic Liquids
- Chapter13 Catalysts for Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Petroleum Residues
- Chapter14 A Model-Based Investment Assessment for Heavy Oil Processing in the Petroleum Refining Industry
- Chapter15 Environmental Challenges Associated with Processing of Heavy Crude Oils