Applied Mechanics and Civil Engineering VI

Liquan Xie

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2017
• Print ISBN: 9781138626317
• eBook ISBN: 9781351857994
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Environmental Science
• Index: Biological Sciences

Applied Mechanics and Civil Engineering VI includes the contributions to the 6th International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Civil Engineering (AMCE 2016, Hong kong, China, 30-31 December 2016), and showcases the challenging developments in the areas of applied mechanics, civil engineering and associated engineering practice. The book covers a wide variety of topics:
- Applied mechanics and its applications in civil engineering;
- Bridge engineering;
- Underground engineering;
- Structural safety and reliability;
- Reinforced concrete (RC) structures;
- Rock mechanics and rock engineering;
- Geotechnical in-situ testing & monitoring;
- New construction materials and applications;
- Computational mechanics;
- Natural hazards and risk, and
- Water and hydraulic engineering.

Applied Mechanics and Civil Engineering VI will appeal to professionals and academics involved in the above mentioned areas, and it is expected that the book will stimulate new ideas, methods and applications in ongoing civil engineering advances.

Application of stable isotopes in the study of lake and reservoir leakage

M.J. Wu, Y.J. Lin, T.P. Lu & J. Niu

Key Laboratory of Plateau Lake Ecology and Global Change, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan, China

W.X. Zhang

Key Laboratory of Plateau Surface Process and Environmental Change, Yunnan Province, China

ABSTRACT: Leakage of lakes and reservoirs is a common geological problem, especially in karst areas, which directly affects the security of regional water. On the basis of the systematic summary of research on water seepage models, the advantages of various models and their applicable conditions are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the calculation of the leakage amount of lakes and reservoirs, by the stable isotope mass balance and water balance model, is more accurate, and there is a wide scope of application. This study will provide a scientific basis for the quantitative and accurate calculation of the leakage of lakes and reservoirs, the evaluation of water seepage prevention measures and effects, and the rational allocation of regional water resources and deal with global change.

1 INTRODUCTION

The water cycle is linked with core and bond for various spheres of terrestrial surface. Isotope as the main component of natural water bodies is very sensitive to environmental changes, and can record the information of the water cycle. Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes are often used as the tracer in the study of water cycle, and it allows us to further understand the geochemical process (Craig H, 1961; Friedman I, 1953; Kohn M J., 2005). By the comprehensive analysis of the temporal and spatial variation of precipitation and reservoir water stable isotopes, the amount of reservoir leakage can be evaluated, and the effects of regional water cycle on ecosystems are quantitatively estimated by water stable isotopes. It also can provide a scientific basis for reasonable allocation of water resources and environmental change.

On the basis of the linear Darcy law, Guangxi mining areas of karst water system were simulated by using a triple-ring medium model (Cheng, 1998). The water balance of the river basin was calculated by the WetSpass model, which evaluated the amount of the utilizable water resources in the northern Ethiopia Geba Basin (Tesfamichael G., 2013). Pang (2005) studied the atmospheric precipitation with stable isotopes. Zhang et al. simulated the stable isotope fractionation of evaporation water (Zhang, 2003) and analyzed the difference between the characteristic of stable isotopes and the remaining water under the balanced mode and the dynamic model. Although the current research on the use of stable isotopes to explore the leakage of water is large, especially in the karst area, there is little research on the safety of the lives of the people of Yunnan in terms of the reservoir water seepage. Therefore, how to make use of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes to study the leakage of reservoir has an important theoretical and practical significance.

On the basis of the study of the relevant water leakage model, comparison of the water leakage models and the applicable conditions of the models have been discussed. Furthermore, the research will provide a scientific basis for the quantitative and accurate calculation of the leakage of lakes and reservoirs, the evaluation of water seepage prevention measures and effects, and the rational allocation of regional water resources, and deal with global change.

2 DEVELOPMENT OF LAKE AND RESERVOIR SEEPAGE MODEL

2.1 Darcy’s law

In the 1850s, Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy obtained reflect water seepage law in rock pores by a large number of scientific experiments, that is, Darcy’s law. This law is widely applied in the research of sandy soil and finely fissured rock. A large number of experimental results show that the penetration is proportional to the first power of friction head loss during the small seepage velocity. Its expression is:

$Q=K\omega \frac{H_1-H_2}{L}=K\omega I\text{or}V=K\cdot I.$

(1)

where Q: permeate flow; ω: cross section of water; L: penetrating path; V: seepage velocity; K: permeability coefficient; I: hydraulic gradient; H₁ and H₂: upstream and downstream cross section.

2.2 Water balance

Water balance is the area or water of any choice in any period of time; the difference between the amount of water income and the amount of water consumption will be equal to the amount of change impoundment period in the area or in the water (Zhang, 2014). Since the 1960s, because of the development of the need of water resources, many scholars have gradually sh...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Behavior of large deformation and supporting measures in soft rock tunnel
• Integrating in situ tests on the excavation damaged zone of underground caverns
• Screening of Lactobacillus rhamnosus capable of yielding high levels of Conjugated Linoleic Acid by UV mutagenesis
• A method for intelligent safety monitoring and hazard warning of highway dangerous rock
• Studies on the mechanism of ecological restoration of eutrophic water in a tropical shallow urban lake
• Development of a modal identification method using the random decrement technique combined with HHT
• Study on the creep characteristics and constitutive model of schist in natural and saturated states
• Effect of Nano-CaCO3 on performance of cement and concrete
• Study of rock loosening deformation and security characteristics of columnar jointed basalt based on monitoring information fusion
• Low-energy environmental improvement for glass curtain wall buildings
• Study on the mechanical properties of a damaged steel beam
• Structural behavior analysis of the steel frame of a damaged beam end
• Application of stable isotopes in the study of lake and reservoir leakage
• Root cause analysis of the collapse accident at the Tsinghua university high school construction site using “24 model”
• Research on the development law of pore pressure during shearing of the saturated dense silty soil by the rake tooth
• Study on the punching shear strength and deformation capacity of RC slabs based on a database
• Experimental study on impact localization based on wavelet analysis
• Analysis of shield tool wear problems in a variable compound stratum
• Anchor cable encircled modes of unbonded annular anchors for pre-stressed tunnel lining
• Simulation of oil transport after oil spill in the Bohai Sea
• The construction technology of Earth Pressure Balance shield in sand stratum section
• Effect of chemical–mechanical activation on the cementitious activity of iron ore tailings
• The design value of vertical earth pressure on hydraulic tunnels
• Numerical simulation of sediment erosion and transport in the diversion tunnels of a hydropower station
• Lattice Boltzmann modeling of two-phase flows in complex porous media considering surface hydrophobicity
• Optimization of primary support parameters for the main structure of the tunnel of Beijing
• Processes of storm-induced fluid mud formation in open muddy channels
• Analysis of runoff variation trend of the Dongting Lake in China
• Numerical simulation of the lock release gravity current in a linearly stratified environment
• Simplified method to calculate buoyancy in multi-layered strata
• Effect of dissolved oxygen on nitrate removal from drinking groundwater using rice wine
• Low-frequency variability of sea surface height in the tropical Pacific Ocean
• Study on the effect of water content on the stability of gypsum pillars
• Study of the material parameters of self-anchored suspension bridges
• Author index