Cloud Computing

Concepts and Technologies

Sunilkumar Manvi, Gopal Shyam, Gopal Krishna Shyam

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Edition: 1
• Year: 2021
• Topic: Computer Science
• Print ISBN:
  9780367554613
  9780367554590
• Subtopic: Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Semantics
• eBook ISBN:
  9781000338058
• Index: Computer Science

Comprehensive and timely, Cloud Computing: Concepts and Technologies offers a thorough and detailed description of cloud computing concepts, architectures, and technologies, along with guidance on the best ways to understand and implement them. It covers the multi-core architectures, distributed and parallel computing models, virtualization, cloud developments, workload and Service-Level-Agreements (SLA) in cloud, workload management. Further, resource management issues in cloud with regard to resource provisioning, resource allocation, resource mapping and resource adaptation, ethical, non-ethical and security issues in cloud are followed by discussion of open challenges and future directions.

This book gives students a comprehensive overview of the latest technologies and guidance on cloud computing, and is ideal for those studying the subject in specific modules or advanced courses. It is designed in twelve chapters followed by laboratory setups and experiments. Each chapter has multiple choice questions with answers, as well as review questions and critical thinking questions. The chapters are practically-focused, meaning that the information will also be relevant and useful for professionals wanting an overview of the topic.

1

Introduction

Learning Objectives

After reading this chapter, you will be able to

• Define the limitations of traditional technologies
• Appraise the concept of Cloud computing
• Discuss the applications, tools and technologies in Cloud computing

Three decades prior, the personal computers (PCs) brought change in the manner in which individuals worked. Yet, over the ongoing years another technology called the Cloud has pulled in research network since it guarantees to address different information technology (IT) challenges. Physical areas for asset access, gigantic expense to benefit interminable power, improvement in the courses of events for applications have bothered IT and its customers since long time. Cloud computing guarantees to offer access to gigantic measures of information and computational power, empowering creators to take care of issues in a better approach to accomplish a dependable IT foundation.

The Cloud framework can be seen as containing both a physical layer and a virtualization layer. The physical layer comprises of the equipment assets that are important to help the Cloud administrations, and regularly incorporates server, stockpiling and system parts. The virtualization layer comprises of the product sent over the physical layer which shows the fundamental Cloud attributes. Reasonably, the virtualization layer is positioned over the physical layer.

This chapter presents Cloud service delivery models, characteristics, benefits, platforms and technologies.

1.1 Cloud Computing

A Cloud is defined as a space over network infrastructure where computing resources such as computer hardware, storage, databases, networks, operating systems, and even entire software applications are available instantly, on-demand. It is true that Cloud computing may not involve a whole lot of new technologies, but the fact that it surely represents a new way of managing IT cannot be denied. For example, scalability and cost savings can be achieved to the largest extent from Cloud computing.

Cloud computing is bound to be compared with service oriented architectures (SOA), Grid computing, Utility computing and Cluster computing. Cloud computing and SOA are persued independently. Platform and storage services of Cloud computing offers value addition to SOA’s efforts. With technologies like Grid computing, computing resources can be provisioned as a utility. Whereas, Cloud computing goes a step further with on-demand resource provisioning. It also removes the necessity of over-provisioning to accomodate the demands of several customers. Utility computing is paying for resource usage, similar to the way we pay for a public utility (such as electricity, gas, and so on).

Cluster computing is a cheaper-cost form for processing applications that can run in parallel. The summary of the features of each of these computing techniques is listed in Table 1.1. Figure 1.1 depicts the construction and deployment for Cloud service delivery model. End-users access Cloud services such as computing and datacenter resources via the Internet. The user needs to have an account with the Cloud service provider (CSP) for security and billing schemes. The required resources are specified by the users. The CSP provisions resources in the form of virtual machines directly to user accounts. This offering facilitates users more flexibility in building their own applications on top of remotely hosted resources. Users essentially rent operating systems, CPU, memory, storage and network resources from the CSP to improve elasticity and scalability of workloads.

FIGURE 1.1
Cloud scenario

TABLE 1.1
Computing techniques

Computing techniques	Features
Cloud computing	Cost efficient, almost unlimited storage, backup and recovery, easy deployment
SOA	Loose coupling, distributed processing, asset creation
Grid computing	Efficient use of idle resources, modular, parallelism can be achieved, handles complexity
Cluster computing	Improved network technology, processing power, reduced cost, availability, scalability.

1.2 Service Delivery Models

A Cloud delivery model represents a specific, pre-packaged combination of IT resources offered by a Cloud provider. Three common Cloud delivery models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) which have become widely established and formalized are explained as follows:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources. Example: running CPU/memory intensive application using Amazon IaaS Cloud.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the Cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications using programming languages, libraries, services and tools supported by the provider. Example: building and deployment of application using Google Cloud Platform.

Software as a Service (SaaS): The capability provided to the consumer is their applications running on a Cloud infrastructure. Example: opening word/PDF files using Google Apps without installation of MS Office/Adobe Reader software in the networked system.

Many specialized variations of the three Cloud delivery models have emerged, each of distinct combination of IT resources. Some examples are as follows.

• Database-as-a-Service (DaaS): It is a database that is delivered to clients via a Cloud computing platform. Access to it is provided as a service. Database services take care of scalability and high availability of the database.
• Communication-as-a-Service (CaaS): It is an outsourced enterprise communications solution that can be leased from a single vendor. Such communications can include voice over IP (VoIP or Internet telephony), instant messaging (IM), collaboration and videoconference applications using fixed and mobile devices.
• Integration-Platform-as-a-Service (IPaaS): It is a Cloud service that provides a platform to support application, data and process integration projects, usually involving a combination of Cloud-based applications and data sources, APIs and on-premises systems.
• Testing-as-a-Service (TaaS): It is related to the outsourcing of testing activities to a third party that focuses on simulating real-world testing environments as specified in the client requirements. In other words, TaaS is an outsourcing model.

1.3 Deployment Models

Cloud hosting deployment models represent the exact cate...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• Symbols
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Distributed and Parallel Computing
• 3 Multicore Architectures
• 4 Virtualization
• 5 Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Delivery Model in Cloud
• 6 SaaS and PaaS in Cloud
• 7 Capacity Planning in Cloud
• 8 SLA Management in Cloud Computing
• 9 Resource Management in Cloud
• 10 Cloud Computing Development Tools
• 11 Cloud Security
• 12 Technical and Legal Issues in Cloud Computing
• A   Appendix A: Experiments Using CloudSim
• B   Appendix B: Experiments Using Cloud Platforms
• Index