Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Sixth Edition
eBook - ePub

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Sixth Edition

  1. 734 pages
  2. English
  3. ePUB (mobile friendly)
  4. Available on iOS & Android
eBook - ePub

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Sixth Edition

About this book

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Sixth Edition, is intended to be used in a first course in Fluid Mechanics, taken by a range of engineering majors. The text begins with dimensions, units, and fluid properties, and continues with derivations of key equations used in the control-volume approach. Step-by-step examples focus on everyday situations, and applications. These include flow with friction through pipes and tubes, flow past various two and three dimensional objects, open channel flow, compressible flow, turbomachinery and experimental methods. Design projects give readers a sense of what they will encounter in industry. A solutions manual and figure slides are available for instructors.

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Yes, you can access Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Sixth Edition by William S. Janna in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Technology & Engineering & Thermodynamics. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.

1 Fundamental Concepts

Fluid mechanics is the branch of engineering that deals with the study of fluids—both liquids and gases. Such a study is important because of the prevalence of fluids and our dependence on them. The air we breathe, the liquids we drink, the water transported through pipes, and the blood in our veins are examples of common fluids. Further, fluids in motion are potential sources of energy that can be converted into useful work—for example, by a waterwheel or a windmill. Clearly, fluids are important, and a study of them is essential to the engineer.
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
  • Describe commonly used unit systems;
  • Define a fluid;
  • Discuss common properties of fluids;
  • Establish features that distinguish liquids from gases; and
  • Present the concept of a continuum.

1.1 DIMENSIONS AND UNITS

Before we begin the exciting study of fluid mechanics, it is prudent to discuss dimensions and units. In this text, we use two unit systems: the British gravitational system and the international system (SI). Whatever the unit system, dimensions can be considered as either fundamental or derived. In the British system, the fundamental dimensions are length, time, and force. The units for each dimension are given in the following table:
British Gravitational System
Dimension
Abbreviation
Unit
Length
L
foot (ft)
Time
T
second (s)
Force
F
pound-force (lbf)
Mass is a derived dimension with units of slug and defined in terms of the primary dimensions as
1 slug=11bf⋅s2ft (1.1)
Converting from the unit of mass to the unit of force is readily accomplished because the slug is defined in terms of the lbf (pound-force).
Example 1.1
An individual weighs 150 lbf.
  1. a. What is the person’s mass at a location where the acceleration due to gravity is 32.2 ft/s2?
  2. b. On the moon, the acceleration due to gravity is one-sixth of that on earth. What is the weight of this person on the moon?
Solution
  1. a. Applying Newton’s law, we write
  2. F=ma
  3. Substituting gives
  4. 150 lbf=m32.2 ft/s2
  5. Solving for mass, we obtain
  6. m=150 lbf32.2 ft/s2=4.66 lbf⋅s2/ft
  7. or
  8. m=4.66 slug
  9. b. The mass is the same on the moon as on the earth. Again we apply Newton’s law,
  10. F=ma
  11. where m = 4.66 slug and the acceleration due to gravity is
  12. a=1632.2 ft/s2=5.37 ft/s2
  13. Substituting, the wei...

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Half-Title
  3. Title
  4. Copyright
  5. Dedication
  6. Contents
  7. Preface
  8. Acknowledgments
  9. Author
  10. Introduction
  11. Chapter 1 Fundamental Concepts
  12. Chapter 2 Fluid Statics
  13. Chapter 3 Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics
  14. Chapter 4 Dimensional Analysis and Dynamic Similitude
  15. Chapter 5 Flow in Closed Conduits
  16. Chapter 6 Flow over Immersed Bodies
  17. Chapter 7 Flow in Open Channels
  18. Chapter 8 Compressible Flow
  19. Chapter 9 Turbomachinery
  20. Chapter 10 Measurements in Fluid Mechanics
  21. Chapter 11 The Navier–Stokes Equations
  22. Chapter 12 Inviscid Flow
  23. Chapter 13 Boundary-Layer Flow
  24. Appendix A: Conversion Factors and Properties of Substances
  25. Appendix B: Geometric Elements of Plane Areas
  26. Appendix C: Pipe and Tube Specifications
  27. Appendix D: Compressible Flow Tables
  28. Appendix E: Miscellaneous
  29. Bibliography
  30. Index