Medicinal Plants of Borneo

Simon Gibbons, Stephen P. Teo, Simon Gibbons, Stephen P. Teo

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2021
• Print ISBN: 9781138601079
• eBook ISBN: 9780429893414
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Medicina
• Subtopic: Inmunología

The rich biodiversity of Borneo provides many useful plants for medicinal purposes. Written by experts in the field, Medicinal Plants of Borneo provides a guide and introduction to the medicinal plants from Borneo used traditionally as well as plants whose medicinal uses have been recently discovered. These include anti-HIV plants – such as Calophyllum lanigerum (calanolide A) – and anti-cancer plants – such as Aglaia foveolata (silvestrol). The book also provides information on the relevant medicinal chemistry, such as isolated bioactive compounds and the mechanism of action, where available.

FEATURES

• 
  
  

• Discusses the rich experience in the use of medicinal plants and the wide diversity of Borneo's botanical resources

• 
  
  

• Presents plants with medicinal properties from a scientific perspective

• 
  
  

• Provides readers with current information on the chemistry and pharmacology of natural products with pharmaceutical potential

• 
  
  

• Covers a range of chemical, botanical and pharmacological diversities

• 
  
  

• Forms an important part of the Natural Products Chemistry of Global Plants series due to an increasing global interest in natural products and botanical drugs

Simon Gibbons is Head of the School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, UK, and a Professor of Natural Product Chemistry. He was formerly a Professor of Medicinal Phytochemistry at the School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL).

Stephen P. Teo is a forest botanist with the Forest Department, Sarawak, Malaysia.

1	Anti-Malarial Plants

Farid Kuswantoro and Stephen P. Teo

CONTENTS

Introduction

Lansium parasiticum (Osbeck) K.C. Sahni & Bennet

Traditional Use

Biological Activity

Chemistry

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.

Traditional Use

Biological Activity

Chemistry

Eurycoma longifolia Jack

Traditional Use

Biological Activity

Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson

Traditional Use

Biological Activity

Chemistry

Carica papaya L.

Traditional Uses

Chemistry

Introduction

Malaria has been a threat to mankind since ancient times. Even today, it is still a threat in developing tropical countries. The Centre for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that in 2016 alone there were 445,000 deaths caused by malaria worldwide. Malaria cases were also reported from Borneo. For instance, in 2013, a high number of malaria infections were reported in the Central and East Kalimantan provinces of Indonesian Borneo (Ompusunggu, 2015). Some plant species were utilized by people in Borneo to treat malaria (Leaman et al., 1995). Below are described some of the anti-malarial plant species that have been used.

Lansium parasiticum (Osbeck) K.C. Sahni & Bennet

Lansium parasiticum (Osbeck) K.C. Sahni & Bennet (synonym: Lansium domesticum) is a fruit tree species (Figure 1.1) that belongs to the Meliaceae or Mahagony family (Anon., 2020).

Figure 1.1 Tree (right) and leaves (left) of Lansium parasiticum (Photo credit: S. Teo).

Traditional Use

Leaman et al. (1995) and Noorcahyati (2012) both reported the utilization of L. parasiticum as a remedy for the treatment malaria. In fact, the bark of this plant was used as a remedy for malaria throughout Borneo by the indigenous people before the advent of modern drugs such as chloroquine and others.

Biological Activity

Various parts of L. parasiticum exhibited anti-plasmodial activity toward Plasmodium falciparum. The aqueous bark extract of L. parasiticum was reported by Leaman et al. (1995) and Omar et al. (2003) to display anti-plasmodial activity toward both chloroquine-resistant and sensitive strains of P. falciparum. Murnigsih et al. (2005), on the other hand, reported anti-plasmodial activity of L. parasiticum bark aqueous extract toward P. falciparum.

The leaves and fruit skin extract of L. parasiticum were also reported by Yapp and Yap (2003) to exhibit anti-plasmodial effects toward both chloroquine-resistant and the drug-sensitive P. falciparum strain, with the fruit skin extract also able to interrupt the parasite’s life- cycle.

Chemistry

Omar et al. (2003) reported that some compounds isolated from L. parasiticum extract were also shown to possess anti-plasmodial activity toward Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei. Other research by Saewan et al. (2006) showed that some chemical compounds extracted from L. parasiticum seed also exhibited anti-plasmodial activity toward a multi-drug-resistant P. falciparum strain.

Various types of triterpenoids such as cycloartanes, onoceranoids and tetranortriterpenoids (limonoids) including domesticulides B–D (9–11) (Figure 1.2) have been isolated from different parts of L. parasiticum. However, only tetranortriterpenoids have, so far, shown activity against the malarial parasite. Compounds such as Domesticulides B–D showed anti-malarial activity against P. falc...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Series Preface
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Editors
• Contributors
• Aims and Purpose
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 Anti-Malarial Plants
• Chapter 2 Anti-Fungal Plants
• Chapter 3 Anti-Mycobacterial Plants
• Chapter 4 Anti-Viral Plants
• Chapter 5 Anti-Cancer Plants
• Chapter 6 Anti-Diabetic Plants
• Chapter 7 Plants for Fever Remedy
• Chapter 8 Anti-Hypertensive Plants
• Chapter 9 Anti-Diarrhoeal Plants
• Chapter 10 Plants for Eye-Related Diseases
• Chapter 11 Plants Used in Dental Treatment
• Chapter 12 Poisonous Plants Used as Blowpipe Dart
• Chapter 13 Plants Used to Treat Arthritis
• Chapter 14 Plants Used for Wound Healing
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Index