CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis

Yuichiro Himeda

• Publisher: Wiley-VCH
• Year: 2021
• Print ISBN: 9783527346639
• eBook ISBN: 9783527824106
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Materials Science
• Index: Technology & Engineering

A guide to the effective catalysts and latest advances in CO2 conversion in chemicals and fuels 

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation is one of the most promising and economic techniques to utilize CO2 emissions to produce value-added chemicals. With contributions from an international team of experts on the topic, CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis offers a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid/formate, methanol, methane, and C2+ products.   

The book explores the electroreduction of carbon dioxide and contains an overview on hydrogen production from formic acid and methanol. With a practical review of the advances and challenges in future CO2 hydrogenation research, the book provides an important guide for researchers in academia and industry working in the field of catalysis, organometallic chemistry, green and sustainable chemistry, as well as energy conversion and storage. This important book: 

• Offers a unique review of effective catalysts and the latest advances in CO2 conversion 
• Explores how to utilize CO2 emissions to produce value-added chemicals and fuels such as methanol, olefins, gasoline, aromatics 
• Includes the latest research in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis as well as electrocatalysis 
• Highlights advances and challenges for future investigation 

Written for chemists, catalytic chemists, electrochemists, chemists in industry, and chemical engineers, CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis offers a comprehensive resource to understanding how CO2 emissions can create value-added chemicals. 

1
Introduction

Yuichiro Himeda¹ and Matthias Beller²

¹National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Global Zero Emission Research Center, AIST Tsukuba West, 16‐1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐8569, Japan

²Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse, Applied Homogeneous Catalysis, Albert‐Einstein Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany

Of the final products of the combustion of carbon‐based fossil fuels, carbon dioxide (CO₂) has the highest oxidation state and is known as the major cause of global warming. Annual CO₂ emissions from anthropogenic activity in 2018 were approximately 33.1 Gton, an increase of 1.7% compared with 2017 [1]. Since the Industrial Revolution, two trillion tons of CO₂ have accumulated in the atmosphere, and the current atmospheric concentration of CO₂ has reached an unprecedented level of over 400 ppm (Figure 1.1) [2]. The anthropogenic emission of CO₂ is associated with energy consumption, i.e. the combustion of carbon‐based fossil fuels, which currently account for around 85% of the world's energy.

According to the Paris Agreement of the United Nations, an overall limit on total cumulative CO₂ emissions is crucial for our future development [3, 4]. According to the 2 °C scenario, further cumulative emissions should be limited to below one trillion ton of CO₂. The spread of renewable energy (35%), advances in energy conservation (40%), and carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies (14%) are sure to contribute to addressing the problem (Figure 1.2) [3]. However, it is clear that these methods will not completely solve the issues arising from the vast quantities of emitted CO₂. In 2017, the International Energy Agency (IEA) presented the Energy Technology Perspectives (Beyond 2 °C Scenario: B2DS), which placed a much greater emphasis on the role of CO₂ utilization for reducing emissions [3]. Indeed, in the next decade, we will still rely on carbon‐based products for fuels, polymers, commodity chemicals, cosmetics, detergents, and fabrics in modern life. If these chemicals were to be derived from CO₂ instead of fossil oils, a sustainable carbon cycle will be possible.

1.1 Direct Use of CO2

Apart from chemical applications, already today, CO₂ is used directly in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), beverage carbonation, food processing (e.g. coffee decaffeination and drinking water abstraction), welding, as a cleaning agent for textiles, and as a solvent in the electronics industry [5]. These approaches are commercially viable. In particular, 70–80 Mton of CO₂ is consumed for EOR in the oil sector. Although such direct utilization of CO₂ addresses a significant amount of CO₂ emissions, these topics are beyond the scope of this book.

Figure 1.1 Atmospheric CO₂ concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory.

Source: Data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Global Monitoring Laboratory [2].

Figure 1.2 IEA 2 °C Scenario (2DS) in Energy Technology Perspectives 2017.

Source: Data from Market‐driven future potential of Bio‐CC(U)S [3].

1.2 Chemicals from CO₂ as a Feedstock

CO₂ has been recognized as an inexpensive and abundant industrial C1 carbon source. The various chemicals that can be prod...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis
• Copyright
• Preface
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Homogeneously Catalyzed CO2 Hydrogenation to Formic Acid/Formate by Using Precious Metal Catalysts
• 3 Homogeneously Catalyzed CO2 Hydrogenation to Formic Acid/Formate with Non‐precious Metal Catalysts
• 4 Catalytic Homogeneous Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol
• 5 Theoretical Studies of Homogeneously Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide and Bioinspired Computational Design of Base‐Metal Catalysts
• 6 Heterogenized Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of CO2 to Formic Acid or Its Derivatives
• 7 Design and Architecture of Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Formic Acid/Formate
• 8 Heterogeneously Catalyzed CO2 Hydrogenation to Alcohols
• 9 Homogeneous Electrocatalytic CO2 Hydrogenation
• 10 Recent Advances in Homogeneous Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid and Methanol
• Index
• End User License Agreement