Nanostructured Smart Materials

Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications

V. R. Remya, H. Akhina, Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, V. R. Remya, H. Akhina, Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas

• Publisher: Apple Academic Press
• Year: 2021
• Print ISBN: 9781771889742
• eBook ISBN: 9781000291582
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Biology

This new volume presents various research studies that focus on the development of advanced nanomaterials and their composites and blends for different applications in sensing, electrical, biomedical, coating, industrial applications, etc. This book includes detailed discussions on the synthesis, properties, processing, and potential applications of nanomaterials and their blends and composites. Some chapters also explain the basic theoretical aspects of these nanostructured materials and systems, which help readers to develop a better understanding various application areas, including construction.

Nanostructured Smart Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Potential Applications responds to the need for advanced polymeric materials and nanostructured materials with ultimate performance and enhanced qualities and properties for varied applications. The chapters highlight information and research that will be valuable for development of new smart materials. This book will be a useful reference source for universities, colleges, researchers from R&D groups, scientists, postdoctoral fellows, industrialists, graduate and postgraduate students, and faculty.

CHAPTER 1
Metal Oxide Embellished on Polymer Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

S. YUVASHREE¹ and J. BALAVIJAYALAKSHMI²

¹ PhD Scholar, Department of Physics, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail: [email protected]

² Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-chitosan (CS) nanocomposites are prepared for reliable detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The reduced GO-CS-copper oxide nanocomposites are synthesized by the chemical reduction method. The morphological and chemical structures of the nanocomposites are systemically evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman analysis. A potential application of reduced GO-CS-copper oxide nanocomposites-modified electrode as a biosensor to monitor H₂O₂ has been investigated. The electrochemical properties of the biosensor are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). After optimizing all the experimental parameters, the reduced GO-CS-copper oxide nanocomposites on modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed a good performance towards the electrocatalytic reduction of H₂O₂. This method is simple, cost-effective, sensitive, and also can be used for the determination of H₂O₂ in a real water sample.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Graphene, a single layer of sp² hybridized carbon atoms packed into a dense honeycomb crystal structure, has attracted significant research interest because of its unique structure and extraordinary properties like high conductivity, high surface area, and hardest material [1]. Graphene possesses various material parameters such as superior mechanical stiffness, strength, and elasticity, very high electrical and thermal conductivity that has versatile applications in the areas of the supercapacitor, transistor, solar cells, batteries, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, nanoelectronics, electrocatalysis, sensors, electrochemical devices, electromechanical resonator [2]. Chitosan (CS) is a linear b-1, 4-linked polysaccharide that possesses distinct chemical and biological properties, because of its reactive amino and hydroxyl groups in its linear high molar mass poly glucosamine chains, which are amenable to chemical modification [3]. CS has a lot of excellent characteristics, including film-forming ability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, good water permeability, high mechanical strength, and adhesion. Graphene and its nanocomposites have been widely exploited in biomedicine for drug/gene delivery, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, and biosensing. In recent years, noble metal nanoparticles have been used widely due to their interesting electronic, optical, mechanical, magnetic, and chemical properties, which differ greatly from those of bulk substances. Among various metal nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have been widely used in many fields due to their excellent physical and chemical properties, easy preparation, and low synthetic cost [4].

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a chemical widely used in pharmaceutical, clinical, environmental, mining, textile, and food manufacturing industries [5], is the by-product of oxidases such as lactate oxidase, urate oxidase, and so on. It is one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that plays a vital role in signaling molecules, mainly regulating DNA damage, protein synthesis, cell apoptosis, etc., and it affects cell proliferation and thus leads to cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders [6, 7]. It is also a relatively stable molecule that makes it highly suitable as a diffusible signaling molecule [8]. Most importantly, the high concentrations of H₂O₂ initiate neurotoxic events such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disorders. It is critically important to monitor H₂O₂ levels in biological environments, especially in the cellular environment. However, the electrochemical technique is an optimal choice to actualize the accurate and sensitive determination of H₂O₂ depending on its inherent advantages, such as low cost, practicality, simplicity, high sensitivity, and fast response [9]. Recently a large range of nanomaterials such as metals, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, oxide, and nanocomposite materials have been used for the electrochemical detection of H₂O₂. Additionally, few numbers of polymer-based graphene nanocomposites have been employed for H₂O₂ sensing [10]. In this present work, CuO NPs decorated on CS functionalized RGO nanocomposites have been synthesized using a chemical reduction method for the electrochemical determination of H₂O₂. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) is employed to investigate the analytical performance of H₂O₂.

1.2 EXPERIMENTAL

1.2.1 REAGENTS

Graphite powder, conc. sulfur...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• About the Editors
• Contents
• Contributors
• Abbreviations
• Symbols
• Preface
• 1. Metal Oxide Embellished on Polymer Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
• 2. Photoluminescence Investigations of UV, Near UV, and Visible Light Excited CaS:Eu Nanophosphors
• 3. Nanomaterial Aspect of Drug Delivery Towards Cancer Therapy
• 4. Polymer Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide‑Based Nickel Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Dye Catalyst for Water Remediation
• 5. Fabrication of Interdigitated Electrodes (IDEs) by Screen Printing Technology and Their Structural Studies
• 6. Photocatalytic Effect of Tin Oxide‑Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites Prepared by the Solvothermal Method
• 7. MMT Intercalated Pd Nanocatalyst for Heck (Mizoroki‑Heck) Reaction
• 8. A Novel Approach for Production and Characterization of Al‑Mg Eutectic Alloy Nanopowder by Electrical Explosion of Thin Plates
• 9. Investigation on Wear and Corrosion Behavior of Ti2N Thin Films
• 10. Structural Study of Ethylene Glycol‑Assisted Solution Combustion Synthesis of Strontium Doped LaMnO3
• 11. Molecular Dynamics Study of Single Crystal Metallic Nanowires
• 12. Low-Temperature Gas Sensing Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide Incorporated Perovskite Nanocomposite
• 13. Synthesis and Characterization of LFO-BFO Multiferroic Nanocomposites
• 14. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Diagnosis with Conventional, Molecular Probe, and Nanobiosensing Techniques
• 15. Physical Aging in PS-MWCNT Composite: An Enthalpy Relaxation Study
• 16. Dual Probe Heat Pulse (DPHP) Method Soil Moisture Sensor Using Advanced Materials‑Based Thermistor and Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) Thin Film Electric Heater
• 17. Indium Doped Tin Oxide (ITO) Nanopowder‑Based Electric Heater Fabrication and Characterization
• 18. Optimization and Performance of Nanomaterials in Cement Concrete
• Index