From Microbe to Man: Biological responses in microbes, animals and humans upon exposure to artificial static magnetic fields

János F. László

• Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
• Year: 2016
• Print ISBN: 9781681081038
• eBook ISBN: 9781681081021
• Topic: Medicina
• Subtopic: Medicina alternativa e complementare

Some arrangements and structures of permanent magnets are hypothesized to exert measurable physiological and pathological effects on living tissues when exposed to the resultant electromagnetic field. From Microbe to Man: Biological responses to artificial static magnetic field-exposure explores the effects of such arrangements based on this hypothesis.
The book begins with an explanation of the mechanisms of artificial static magnetic fields (SMFs). This is followed by sequential sections presenting the effects of SMF exposure on living organisms backed by thorough experimental studies (on microbial, animal and human trials). In conclusion, the work reveals the positive nature of SMF treatment and shows that this is indeed a viable alternative to invasive treatment in the case of a number of acute and chronic conditions, such as stomatological pain and osteoporosis

In Vivo Animal Experiments

Dr. János F. László^*

University of Debrecen, Hungary Faculty of Informatics

Keywords: Behavioral test, Capsaicin-sensitive, Cepaea nemoralis, Circadian cycle, Epsom salt challenge, Helix pomatia, Hot plate test, Mechanical hyperalgesia model, Mice, Morphine, Neuropathic, Opioid-receptor, Preterm birth, Resiniferatoxin, Serotonergic system, Writhing test.

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^* Dr. János F. László passed away after writing the manuscript. The book has been published posthumously. It is the manifestation of the author's deep dedication to science and it represents the helping hand that researchers can grab to further their research in this field.

Models and Assays

Table 5.1 summarizes the animal models, the assays, and the corresponding (pre)-treatments (if any) we shall focus in this chapter.

Table 5.1 Animal models, tests, and corresponding (pre)-treatments (if any) discussed in this chapter.

Animal	Invertebrates	Vertebrates
	Land snail	Mouse
	Helix pomatia	BALB/c	CD1	C57BL/6	CFLP	CSJLF1
Test
Hot plate	naloxone serotonin tryptamine
Elevated plus maze					morphine
Locomotor activity					morphine
Rotarod		×
Seltzer		×
Timed-pregnancy				lipopoly-saccharide
Von Frey		carrageenan formalin resiniferatoxin	strepto-zotocin
Writhing					β-funaltrexamine morphine naloxone naltrindole norbinaltorphimine

The professional expectations in in vivo experimental models are:

1. The model should reflect a pathological condition including symptoms similar to that occurring in humans,
2. the model should be specific, sensitive, valid, reliable, and reproducible [63].

Supposing that all these requirements are met, data derived from observation of in vivo experiments are of utmost importance with regard to the therapeutic method under investigation since the psychosomatic/placebo effects can be excluded under experimental conditions.

Preclinical pain models can be separated into 3 functional divisions based on their potential mechanisms. Nociception can be induced acutely by thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimulus (e.g. hot plate test, or tail flick test), it can be based on tissue injury (e.g. writhing, formalin, inflamed joint, or paw test), or can originate in nerve injury [64].

In the experiment, detailed in this section, we used an animal cage made of Plexiglas with air holes on all sides, except on the bottom. The size of the cage was 140×140×46 mm. The 2 opposite side walls of the cage were transparent, the other 2 and the top were covered with opaque, air permeable material. Similar environmental conditions could be actualized for both SMF- and sham-exposed animals. The support under the cage was always plane and stable.

No efforts were ever made to magnetically shield the experimental setup from the geomagnetic field. Creatures throughout the hundred millions of years of phylogenesis on Earth have adapted to this field. Therefore, shielding might have introduced unwanted effects (c.f., [27]).

Ethical Issues

All experimental procedures described in Chapter 5 were carried out according to the European Communities Council Directives (86/609/ECC) complying with the

1. Hungarian Act for the Protection of Animals in Research (law 1998/XXVIII, par. 32),
2. edict 243/1988 of the Hungarian Parliament on Animal Protection and Consideration Decree of Scientific Procedures of Animal Experiments,
3. recommendations of the International Association for the Study of Pain [65], and the
4. Helsinki Declaration.

Each study was approved by one of the following committees.

1. Animal Care and Protection Committee at the University of Debrecen (No.: IV/1813-1/2002 or No.: 7/2011/DE MAB),
2. Animal Care Committee of Semmelweis University, Budapest (No.: 1810/003/2004),
3. Ethics Committee on Animal Research of the University of Pécs according to the Ethical Codex of Animal Experiments (No.: BA02/2000-16-2006), and
4. Hungarian Ethical Committee for Animal Research at Debrecen University (No.: 26/2007).

Materials

Chemicals were purchased from (in alphabetical order) Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA), Merck (Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA), Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA), Pharmacy of the University of Pécs, Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Beyond those inbred, animals were provided by Charles River (Budapest or Isaszeg, Hungary) and Toxicoop (Budapest, Hungary). Kits and devices came from (in alphabetical order) Abcam (Cambridge, UK), Bio-Tek Instruments (Winooski, VT, USA), Experimetria (Budapest, Hungary), Lab Vision (Fremont, CA, USA), Nikon (Tokyo, Japan), Osram (Munich, Germany), Photometrics (Tucson, AZ, USA), Supertech (Pécs, Hungary), Techno Plastic Products (Trasadingen, Switzerland), and Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy).

Experiments on Invertebrates In Vivo

Pharmacological Analysis of Response Latency in the Hot Plate Test Following Whole-Body Static Magnetic Field-Exposure in the Snail Helix Pomatia

Preliminaries

As mentioned already in the Introduction, artificial SMF have gradually gained an increasing importance in our life. The proliferation of diagnostic devices using strong SMF, such as the magnetic resonance (MR) tomographs raises the question whether exposure to SMF increases the risk of disease. This question initiated many investigations on the effects of SMF on biological systems in the past couple of decades. There is increasing evidence that exposure to both ultra strong (5 T) and strong (1-5 T) SMF interacts with the vestibular system of both rodents and humans, thus, inducing changes in locomotor and visual behavior [66]. Moderate-intensity SMF (1 T) is able to influence a number of biological systems, particularly those whose function is closely linked to membrane ion channels as part of the peripheral ne...

Table of contents

• Welcome
• Table of Contents
• Title Page
• BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgement
• Dedication
• Introduction
• Physical Properties of Static Magnetic Fields
• Sources of Static Magnetic Fields, Generators
• In Vitro Experiments on Microorganisms
• In Vivo Animal Experiments
• Human Investigations
• Summary
• Plans
• References