Fascia in the Osteopathic Field

Torsten Liem, Paolo Tozzi, Anthony Chila

• Publisher: Handspring Publishing
• Year: 2017
• ISBN:
  9781912085255
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Alternative & Complementary Medicine

The book aims:

• To enable osteopaths – and other manual practitioners/bodyworkers – to understand the importance of fascia and its relevance to their work…..
• By providing a comprehensive textbook covering history, nature and properties [function] of fascia…
• And covering all aspects of osteopathic management of disorders that relate to/are mediated by the fascia…..
• Using contributions from leading authorities bearing in mind so far as possible the needs and interests of osteopaths.

Fascial concepts

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INTRODUCTION

Torsten Liem

The role of the fascia and how it relates to the musculoskeletal system as well as the entire structural integrity of the human body has become of raised interest in recent years, accompanied by an increase in research into various aspects of the human fascia. This section provides an overview of the foundations and basic terminology surrounding the term ‘fascia’. The most recent scientific evidence is used to explore fascial anatomy and physiology, with the aim of creating a specific terminology that can be used for both clinical and scientific applications. The historical aspects of fascial approaches, described in this section, are of particular importance for the osteopathic understanding of fascia and may be of interest to many practitioners of manual therapy. With regard to embryological development, osteopathic strategies and fascial functions in relation to tissue development are explored and discussed. Finally, important aspects of the histology and cell biology of the fascia and connective tissue are reviewed, aiding the reader to fully understand the clinical importance of fascial structure and its implications in the genesis of dysfunctional patterns.

1

INTRODUCTION

Anthony G. Chila

The modern era of research involving the connective tissue system of the human body can be said to have begun in 2007. During that year, in Boston, MA (USA) a conference was held which had far-reaching ramifications. The title of the conference, Fascia Research, carried an explanatory subtitle: Basic Science and Implications for Conventional and Complementary Health Care. The proceedings of the conference, edited by Thomas Findley and Robert Schleip, were published in 2007.^1*

In the Foreword to the proceedings, the editors discussed the two perspectives embraced in the book: a survey of what was then known about the basic science of fascia, and an exploration of the clinical implications of this knowledge for conventional medicine and complementary health care.

One of the key issues in this field was and remains the definition of fascia, and in the Introduction to the proceedings, Findley and Schleip offered a definition which has held through subsequent conferences on this subject:

‘Fascia is the soft tissue component of the connective tissue system that permeates the human body forming a whole-body continuous three-dimensional matrix of structural support. It interpenetrates and surrounds all organs, muscles, bones and nerve fibers, creating a unique environment for body systems functioning. The scope of our definition and interest in fascia extends to all fibrous connective tissues, including aponeuroses, ligaments, tendons, retinacula, joint capsules, organ and vessel tunics, the epineurium, the meninges, the periostea, and all the endomysial and intermuscular fibers of the myofasciae. There is a substantial body of research on connective tissue generally focused on specialized genetic and molecular aspects of extracellular matrix. However, the study of fascia and its function as an organ of support has been largely neglected and overlooked for several decades. Since fascia serves both global, generalized functions and local, specialized functions, it is a substrate that crosses several scientific, medical, and therapeutic disciplines, both in conventional and complementary/alternative modalities.’

The conclusion to the Introduction contains the following remarks:

‘This book ends with a discussion of new directions for research and new hypotheses coming very appropriately from the perspective provided by several osteopathic physicians. It is this group of physicians who more than 100 years ago championed both manual body work and the conceptual connection between bodywork and overall medical health.’^†

Given the interest and momentum for the study of fascia just described, what is the place of the present text Fascia in the Osteopathic Field? The groundwork and original extensive preparation of content was carried out by Torsten Liem and Paolo Tozzi, who together mapped out four major areas of focus which form the book’s main sections:

• Fascial Concepts

• Physiology and Functions of Fascia

• Anatomy and Structure of Fascia

• Clinical Aspects of Fascia

• Therapeutic Considerations

• Manual Techniques

Under these headings, a wide range of presenters reflects various levels of interest and study. Liem and Tozzi have expended great effort in portraying the potential breadth and depth of the topic of fascia. Each has made his own contribution to the text as well as seeking broad representation in each area by numerous additional authors, recruited from across the world. All these come together to present a comprehensive account of the role of fascia in osteopathic practice, showing its significance as the substrate mentioned in the definition above, and its importance as a mediator in many forms of osteopathic intervention.

On this subject, readers should note the international differences in usage of terms such as osteopathy, osteopath, osteopathic medicine, osteopathic physician. This can best be focused by noting the standard for definition in the USA. There, the preparation for and study of osteopathic medicine culminates in degree recognition of a fully licensed osteopathic physician. While this may or may not be altogether true in other countries of the world, practitioners globally must meet the statutory regulations of their various governments. But whatever the reader’s background and form of training and certification, he or she is following a path laid down by Andrew Taylor Still.

From the very beginnings of osteopathy in the 1870s, an assessment of the connective tissue has been considered fundamental to the treatment of a wide variety of conditions.³ The role of fascia in osteopathic practice was seen as crucial: ‘… this philosophy [of Osteopathy] has chosen the fascia as a foundation on which to stand ...’⁴ The vital function of fascia was so important that ‘by its action we live and by its failure we shrink, or swell and die’,⁵ and it is probably due to this ambivalent potential as source of life and death that fascia was referred to by A.T. Still as the dwelling place of our spiritual being.⁶ Still’s concept of fascia continued to be developed by the early osteopaths and created the basis for much of our clinical understanding of this tissue, which is increasingly recognized as the unifying structural element of the body and key to understanding the reciprocal interrelation between structure and function, and the body’s innate ability to heal itself.

References

1. Findley T. W., Schleip R. (eds) 2007. Fascia Research: Basic Science and Implications for Conventional and Complementary Health Care. Elsevier, Munich.

2. Findley T. W., Shalwala M. 2013. Fascia Research Congress. Evidence from the 100 Y...