The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation

Bruce B. Frey

• Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc
• Year: 2018
• Print ISBN: 9781506326153
• eBook ISBN: 9781506326177
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Education
• Subtopic: Education General

In an era of curricular changes, experiments, and high-stakes testing, educational measurement and evaluation are more important than ever. In addition to expected entries covering the basics of traditional theories and methods, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation also covers important sociopolitical issues and trends influencing the future of that research and practice. Textbooks, handbooks, monographs, and other publications focus on various aspects of educational research, measurement, and evaluation, but to date, there exists no major reference guide for students new to the field. This comprehensive work fills that gap, covering traditional areas while pointing the way to future developments.

Key Features:

• Nearly 700 signed entries are contained in an authoritative work spanning four volumes and available in electronic and/or print formats.
• Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader's Guide grouping entries thematically to help students interested in a specific aspect of education research, measurement, and evaluation to more easily locate directly related entries.
• Back matter includes a Chronology of the development of the field; a Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and associations; and a detailed Index.
• Entries conclude with Further Readings and cross-references to related entries.
• The Index, Reader's Guide themes, and cross-references combine to provide a robust search-and-browse in the electronic version.

Index

NOTE: Page references to figures and tables are labelled as (fig.) and (table).

• A parameter, 1:1–3
  • defining, 1:1–2
  • ICC examples, 1:1 (fig.), 1:2 (fig.)
  • IIF examples, 1:2 (fig.)
  • interpreting a parameter, 1:2–3
• Aaronson, Daniel, 4:1786
• ABA designs, 1:3–6
  • example, 1:4–5, 1:5 (fig.)
  • identifying treatment effects, 1:5–6
  • limitations of ABA designs, 1:6
  • phase changes, 1:5
• Abbott, Mary I., 2:557
• Abbreviated Battery IQ, 4:1607
• Ability tests, 1:6–10
  • achievement tests, 1:8–9
  • aptitude tests, 1:8
  • classification of ability tests, 1:7–8
  • controversies in ability testing, 1:10
  • criteria for evaluating ability tests, 1:9–10
  • standardization of ability tests, 1:9
• Ability-achievement discrepancy, 1:10–14
  • origin of IQ-achievement discrepancy definition, 1:11
  • problems with discrepancy definitions, 1:11–13
• Abma, Tineke, 3:1428, 3:1429
• Abstracts, 1:14–15
  • function, 1:14
  • length, 1:14–15
  • structure, 1:15
• Academic Ranking of World Universities, 3:1368
• Accenture, 3:1245
• Accessibility of assessment, 1:15–19
  • accessibility of computer-based assessments, 1:16–17
  • after administration, 1:18
  • assessment accessibility versus validity, 1:17
  • assessment administration phase, 1:17–18
  • assessment design and development phase, 1:17
  • maximizing, 1:17
  • related concepts, 1:16
• Accommodations, 1:19–23
  • alternative interventions, 1:22–23
  • history of, 1:20
  • potential accommodations, 1:22
  • selecting accommodations, 1:20–22
• Accountability, 1:23–25
• Accreditation, 1:25–27
  • accreditation in higher education, 1:26–27
  • ISO 20252 certification and accreditation, 2:886
  • See also individual accrediting agencies
• Achieve model, 1:63
• Achievement tests, 1:27–33
  • achievement tests versus aptitude tests, 1:27–28
  • benefits and limitations, 1:32
  • brief history of achievement tests in United States, 1:28–29
  • essentials of achievement tests, 1:29–30
• ACT, 1:33–36
  • ability tests, overview, 1:8
  • achievement tests, overview, 1:30
  • ACT, Inc., 1:34, 1:35, 1:48
  • admissions tests, overview, 1:48–50
  • Every Student Succeeds Act and, 2:633
  • history, 1:33–34
  • history of education research and, 2:570
  • history of testing and, 4:1684
  • holistic scoring for, 2:789
  • homeschooling and, 2:792
  • item response theory (IRT) and, 2:903
  • multiple-choice items on, 3:1114
  • multitrait-multimethod matrix and, 3:1118
  • preparing for, 1:34–35
  • score linking for, 4:1477, 4:1478
  • standardized scores of, 4:1596
  • statistical measures, 1:417, 1:41...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Editorial Board
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• About the Editor
• Contributors
• Introduction
• A
• a Parameter
• ABA Designs
• Ability Tests
• Ability–Achievement Discrepancy
• Abstracts
• Accessibility of Assessment
• Accommodations
• Accountability
• Accreditation
• Achievement Tests
• ACT
• Action Research
• Active Learning
• ADA
• Adaptive Behavior Assessments
• Adequate Yearly Progress
• ADHD
• Admissions Tests
• Adolescence
• Adultism
• Advocacy in Evaluation
• AEA
• AERA
• African Americans and Testing
• Age Equivalent Scores
• Alignment
• Alpha Level
• Alternate Assessments
• American Educational Research Association
• American Evaluation Association
• American Psychological Association
• Americans with Disabilities Act
• Amos
• Analysis of Covariance
• Analysis of Variance
• Analytic Scoring
• Andragogy
• Angoff Method
• Anxiety
• APA
• APA Format
• Applied Behavior Analysis
• Applied Research
• Appreciative Inquiry
• Aptitude Tests
• Aptitude-Treatment Interaction
• Areas Under the Normal Curve
• Asian Americans and Testing
• Asperger’s Syndrome
• Assent
• ATLAS.ti
• Attention
• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• Attenuation, Correction for
• Attitude Scaling
• Attribution Theory
• Auditing
• Authentic Assessment
• Authorship
• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Autocorrelation
• Automated Essay Evaluation
• B
• b Parameter
• Backward Design
• Bar Graphs
• Basal Level and Ceiling Level
• Bayesian Statistics
• Bayes’s Theorem
• Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
• Beck Depression Inventory
• Behaviorism
• Belmont Report
• Benchmark
• Bernoulli Distribution
• Bilingual Education, Research on
• BILOG-MG
• Binomial Test
• Bipolar Disorder
• Bloom’s Taxonomy
• Body of Work Method
• Bonferroni Procedure
• Bookmark Method
• Bootstrapping
• Box Plot
• Brown v. Board of Education
• Bubble Drawing
• Buros Mental Measurements Yearbook
• C
• c Parameter
• C Programming Languages
• Canonical Correlation
• Case Study Method
• Categorical Data Analysis
• Cattell–Horn–Carroll Theory of Intelligence
• Causal Inference
• Causal-Comparative Research
• Ceiling Level
• Central Limit Theorem
• Certification
• Cheating
• Childhood
• Chi-Square Test
• CIPP Evaluation Model
• Classical Conditioning
• Classical Test Theory
• Classification
• Classroom Assessment
• Classroom Observations
• Cluster Analysis
• Cluster Sampling
• Cochran Q Test
• Coefficient Alpha
• Cognitive Development, Theory of
• Cognitive Diagnosis
• Cognitive Neuroscience
• Coleman Report
• Collaboration, Evaluation of
• Collaborative Evaluation
• Collage Technique
• College Success
• Common Core State Standards
• Compliance
• Computer Programming in Quantitative Analysis
• Computer-Based Testing
• Computerized Adaptive Testing
• Concept Mapping
• Conceptual Framework
• Concurrent Validity
• Conditional Independence
• Conditional Standard Error of Measurement
• Confidence Interval
• Confidentiality
• Confirmatory Factor Analysis
• Conflict of Interest
• Consequential Validity Evidence
• Construct Irrelevance
• Construct Underrepresentation
• Constructed-Response Items
• Constructivist Approach
• Construct-Related Validity Evidence
• Consumer-Oriented Evaluation Approach
• Content Analysis
• Content Standard
• Content Validity Ratio
• Content-Related Validity Evidence
• Contingency Table Analysis
• Control Variables
• Convenience Sampling
• Convergence
• Cooperative Learning
• Corporal Punishment
• Correlation
• Cost–Benefit Analysis
• Covariance
• Cramér’s V Coefficient
• Creativity
• Credential
• Criterion-Based Validity Evidence
• Criterion-Referenced Interpretation
• Critical Thinking
• Cross-Classified Models
• Cross-Cultural Research
• Crossover Design
• Cultural Competence
• Culturally Responsive Evaluation
• Curriculum
• Curriculum Mapping
• Curriculum-Based Assessment
• Curriculum-Based Measurement
• Cut Scores
• D
• Danielson Framework
• Data
• Data Mining
• Data Visualization Methods
• Data-Driven Decision Making
• Debriefing
• Deception
• Deception in Human Subjects Research
• Decile
• Decision Consistency
• Declaration of Helsinki
• Delphi Technique
• Delta Plot
• Democratic Evaluation
• Demographics
• Descriptive Statistics
• Design-Based Research
• Developmental Disabilities
• Developmental Evaluation
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
• Diagnostic Classification Models
• Diagnostic Tests
• Differential Item Functioning
• Difficulty Index
• Discourse Analysis
• Discriminant Function Analysis
• Discrimination Index
• Dissertations
• Distance Learning
• Distributions
• Document Analysis
• Double-Blind Design
• Dropouts
• Dummy Variables
• Dyadic Data Analysis
• Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills
• Dysgraphia
• Dyslexia
• E
• Ebel Method
• Ecological Validity
• Educational Psychology
• Educational Research, History of
• Educational Researchers, Training of
• Educational Testing Service
• Effect Size
• Emotional Intelligence
• Empowerment Evaluation
• English Language Proficiency Assessment
• Epistemologies, Teacher and Student
• EQS
• Equating
• Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
• Error
• Essay Items
• Estimation Bias
• Eta Squared
• Ethical Issues in Educational Research
• Ethical Issues in Evaluation
• Ethical Issues in Testing
• Ethnography
• Evaluation
• Evaluation, History of
• Evaluation Capacity Building
• Evaluation Consultants
• Evaluation Versus Research
• Every Student Succeeds Act
• Evidence-Based Interventions
• Evidence-Centered Design
• Excel
• Experimental Designs
• Experimental Phonetics
• Expert Sampling
• Exploratory Factor Analysis
• External Evaluation
• External Validity
• F
• F Distribution
• Falsified Data in Large-Scale Surveys
• Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
• Feasibility
• Federally Sponsored Research and Programs
• Feedback Intervention Theory
• Feminist Evaluation
• Field Notes
• File Drawer Problem
• Fill-in-the-Blank Items
• Fisher Exact Test
• flexMIRT
• Floor Level
• Flynn Effect
• Focus Groups
• Formative Assessment
• Formative Evaluation
• 45 CFR Part 46
• Four-Level Evaluation Model
• Framework for Teaching
• Fraudulent and Misleading Data
• Friedman Test
• G
• g Theory of Intelligence
• Gain Scores, Analysis of
• Game-Based Assessment
• Gauss–Markov Theorem
• Gender and Testing
• Generalizability
• Generalizability Theory
• Generalized Linear Mixed Models
• Giftedness
• Goal-Free Evaluation
• Goals and Objectives
• Goodness-of-Fit Tests
• Grade Equivalent Scores
• Grading
• Graphical Modeling
• Great Society Programs
• Grounded Theory
• Growth Curve Modeling
• Guiding Principles for Evaluators
• Guttman Scaling
• H
• Hawthorne Effect
• Head Start
• Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
• Hierarchical Linear Modeling
• Hierarchical Regression
• High-Stakes Tests
• HIPAA
• Histograms
• Historical Research
• HLM
• Holistic Scoring
• Holm’s Sequential Bonferroni Procedure
• Homeschooling
• Human Subjects Protections
• Human Subjects Research, Definition of
• HyperRESEARCH
• Hypothesis Testing
• I
• IEP
• IES
• Impartiality
• Improvement Science Research
• Inclusion
• Individualized Education Program
• Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
• Inferential Statistics
• Information Processing Theory
• Informed Consent
• Inputs
• Institute of Education Sciences
• Institutional Review Boards
• Instructional Objectives
• Instructional Rounds
• Instructional Sensitivity
• Instructional Theory
• Instrumentation
• Intellectual Disability and Postsecondary Education
• Intelligence Quotient
• Intelligence Tests
• Interaction
• Internal Consistency
• Internal Evaluation
• Internal Validity
• Interquartile Range
• Inter-Rater Reliability
• Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium Standards
• Interval-Level Measurement
• Interviewer Bias
• Interviews
• Iowa Tests of Basic Skills
• Ipsative Scales
• IQ
• IRB
• IRT
• IRTPRO
• ISLLC
• ISO 20252
• Item Analysis
• Item Banking
• Item Development
• Item Information Function
• Item Response Theory
• J
• Johari Window
• John Henry Effect
• Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation
• Journal Articles
• Judgment Sampling
• K
• Kappa Coefficient of Agreement
• Kaufman-ABC Intelligence Test
• Kelly Grid
• Kindergarten
• Kinesthetic Learning
• Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
• Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test
• KR-20
• Kruskal–Wallis Test
• Kurtosis
• L
• Laddering
• Latent Class Analysis
• Latin Square Design
• Latinos and Testing
• Learned Helplessness
• Learning Disabilities
• Learning Maps
• Learning Progressions
• Learning Styles
• Learning Theories
• Least Restrictive Environment
• Levels of Measurement
• Levene’s Homogeneity of Variance Test
• Lexiles
• License
• Licensure
• Likert Scaling
• Lisrel
• Literacy
• Literature Review
• Local Independence
• Locus of Control
• Logic Models
• Logistic Regression
• Longitudinal Data Analysis
• Long-Term Memory
• LRE
• M
• Mann-Whitney Test
• Mantel-Haenszel Test
• Marginal Maximum Likelihood Estimation
• Market Research
• Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods
• Mastery Learning
• Matching Items
• Matrices (in Social Network Analysis)
• Matrix Algebra
• Maturation
• Maximum Likelihood Estimation
• MCMC
• McNemar Change Test
• Measurement Invariance
• Measures of Central Tendency
• Measures of Variability
• Median Test
• Mediation Analysis
• Member Check
• Merit
• Meta-Analysis
• Metacognition
• Methods Section
• Minimum Competency Testing
• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
• Minority Issues in Testing
• Missing Data Analysis
• Mixed Methods Research
• Mixed Model Analysis of Variance
• MMLE
• MMPI
• Model–Data Fit
• Modified Angoff Method
• Moments of a Distribution
• Monte Carlo Simulation Studies
• Montessori Schools
• Mood Board
• Mortality
• Motivation
• Mplus
• Multicollinearity
• Multicultural Validity
• Multidimensional Item Response Theory
• Multidimensional Scaling
• Multiple Intelligences, Theory of
• Multiple Linear Regression
• Multiple-Choice Items
• Multitrait–Multimethod Matrix
• Multivariate Analysis of Variance
• N
• NAEP
• Narrative Research
• National Assessment of Educational Progress
• National Council on Measurement in Education
• National Science Foundation
• Naturalistic Inquiry
• NCES
• NCLB
• NCME
• Needs Assessment
• Network Centrality
• Network Cohesion
• Network Density
• No Child Left Behind Act
• Nominal-Level Measurement
• Nonexperimental Designs
• Nonresponse Bias
• Normal Curve Equivalent Score
• Normal Distribution
• Norming
• Norm-Referenced Interpretation
• NSF
• Nuremberg Code
• NVivo
• O
• Objectivity
• Observer Effect
• Odds Ratio
• Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
• Omega
• Operant Conditioning
• Order Effects
• Ordinal-Level Measurement
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
• Outcomes
• Out-of-School Activities
• P
• p Value
• Paper-and-Pencil Assessment
• Paradigm Shift
• Parameter Invariance
• Parameter Mean Squared Error
• Parameter Random Error
• Parenting Styles
• PARSCALE
• Part Correlations
• Partial Correlations
• Participant Observation
• Participatory Evaluation
• Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers
• Path Analysis
• Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
• Pearson Correlation Coefficient
• Percentile Rank
• Performance-Based Assessment
• Personality Assessment
• Personnel Evaluation
• Phenomenology
• Phi Coefficient (in Generalizability Theory)
• Phi Correlation Coefficient
• Pilot Studies
• PIRLS
• PISA
• Placebo Effect
• Poisson Distribution
• Policy Evaluation
• Policy Research
• Portfolio Assessment
• Positivism
• Post Hoc Analysis
• Posterior Distribution
• Postpositivism
• Posttest-Only Control Group Design
• Power
• Power Analysis
• Power Tests
• Pragmatic Paradigm
• Predictive Validity
• Pre-experimental Designs
• Premack Principle
• Pretest–Posttest Designs
• Primary Trait Scoring
• Prior Distribution
• Probit Transformation
• Problem Solving
• Process Evaluation
• Professional Development of Teachers
• Professional Learning Communities
• Proficiency Levels in Language
• Program Evaluation
• Program Theory of Change
• Programme for International Student Assessment
• Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
• Progress Monitoring
• Projective Tests
• Propensity Scores
• Psychometrics
• Puberty
• Punishment
• Pygmalion Effect
• Q
• Qualitative Data Analysis
• Qualitative Research Methods
• Quantitative Literacy
• Quantitative Research Methods
• Quartile
• Quasi-Experimental Designs
• Quota Sampling
• R
• R
• R2
• Race to the Top
• Random Assignment
• Random Error
• Random Selection
• Rankings
• Rasch Model
• Rating Scales
• Raven’s Progressive Matrices
• Reactive Arrangements
• Readability
• Reading Comprehension
• Reading Comprehension Assessments
• Regression Discontinuity Analysis
• Regression Toward the Mean
• Reinforcement
• Reliability
• Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
• Repeated Measures Designs
• Replication
• Representativeness
• Research Proposals
• Residuals
• Resilience
• Response Rate
• Response to Intervention
• Responsive Evaluation
• Restriction of Range
• Results Section
• Reverse Scoring
• Robust Statistics
• RTI
• Rubrics
• S
• Sample Size
• SAS
• SAT
• Scaffolding
• Scales
• Scatterplots
• School Leadership
• School Psychology
• School Vouchers
• School-Wide Positive Behavior Support
• Scientific Method
• Score Linking
• Score Reporting
• Scree Plot
• Screening Tests
• Second Language Learners, Assessment of
• Selection Bias
• Selection Items
• Self-Directed Learning
• Self-Efficacy
• Self-Regulation
• Self-Report Inventories
• Semantic Differential Scaling
• Semi-Partial Correlations
• Sensitivity
• Service-Learning
• Short-Term Memory
• Significance
• Simple Linear Regression
• Simple Random Sampling
• Simpson’s Paradox
• Single-Case Research
• Skewness
• Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium
• Snowball Sampling
• Social Cognitive Theory
• Social Desirability
• Social Justice
• Social Learning
• Social Network Analysis
• Social Network Analysis Using R
• Socio-Emotional Learning
• Sociometric Assessment
• Solomon Four-Group Design
• Spearman Correlation Coefficient
• Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula
• Special Education Identification
• Special Education Law
• Specificity
• Speech-Language Pathology
• Speeded Tests
• Split-Half Reliability
• Split-Plot Design
• SPSS
• Stakeholders
• Standard deviation
• Standard Error of Measurement
• Standard Setting
• Standardized Scores
• Standardized Tests
• Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
• Standards-Based Assessment
• Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
• Stanines
• Stata
• State Standards
• Static Group Design
• STEM Education
• Stepwise Regression
• Stratified Random Sampling
• Structural Equation Modeling
• Student Self-Assessment
• Success Case Method
• Summative Assessment
• Summative Evaluation
• Supply Items
• Survey Methods
• Surveys
• Survival Analysis
• Systematic Sampling
• T
• T Scores
• t Tests
• Table of Specifications
• Teacher Certification
• Teacher Evaluation
• Teachers’ Associations
• Technology in Classroom Assessment
• Technology-Enhanced Items
• Terman Study of the Gifted
• Test Battery
• Test Bias
• Test Information Function
• Test Security
• Testing, History of
• Testlet Response Theory
• Test–Retest Reliability
• Tests
• Testwiseness
• Threats to Research Validity
• Thurstone Scaling
• Time Series Analysis
• TIMSS
• Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking
• Transcription
• Transfer
• Transformative Paradigm
• Treatment Integrity
• Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
• Triangulation
• Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
• Triple-Blind Studies
• True Score
• True–False Items
• Trustworthiness
• Twin Studies
• Two-Way Analysis of Variance
• Two-Way Chi-Square
• Type I Error
• Type II Error
• Type III Error
• U
• UCINET
• Unitary View of Validity
• Universal Design in Education
• Universal Design of Assessment
• U.S. Department of Education
• Utilization-Focused Evaluation
• V
• Validity
• Validity, History of
• Validity Coefficients
• Validity Generalization
• Value-Added Models
• Values
• Variance
• Vertical Scaling
• Visual Analog Scales
• W
• W Difference Scores
• Waldorf Schools
• Wechsler Intelligence Scales
• Weighting
• Wicked Problems
• Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
• Winsorizing
• Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement
• Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities
• Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Oral Language
• Working Memory
• World Education Research Association
• Written Language Assessment
• Z
• Z Scores
• Zelen’s Randomized Consent Design
• Zone of Proximal Development
• Appendix A: Resource Guide
• Appendix B: Chronology
• Index