The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism
eBook - ePub

The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism

  1. 1,640 pages
  2. English
  3. ePUB (mobile friendly)
  4. Available on iOS & Android
eBook - ePub

The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism

About this book

Taking a global and multidisciplinary approach, The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism brings together a team of international scholars to examine the travel and tourism industry, which is expected to grow at an annual rate of four percent for the next decade. 

In more than 500 entries spanning four comprehensive volumes, the Encyclopedia examines the business of tourism around the world paying particular attention to the social, economic, environmental, and policy issues at play. The book examines global, regional, national, and local issues including transportation, infrastructure, the environment, and business promotion. By looking at travel trends and countries large and small, the Encyclopedia analyses a wide variety of challenges and opportunities facing the industry. 

In taking a comprehensive and global approach, the Encyclopedia approaches the field of travel and tourism through the numerous disciplines it reaches, including the traditional tourism administration curriculum within schools of business and management, economics, public policy, as well as social science disciplines such as the anthropology and sociology.

Key features include:

  • More than 500 entries authored and signed by key academics in the field
  • Entries on individual countries that details the health of the tourism industry, policy and planning approaches, promotion efforts, and primary tourism draws. Additional entries look at major cities and popular destinations
  • Coverage of travel trends such as culinary tourism, wine tourism, agritourism, ecotourism, geotourism, slow tourism, heritage and cultural-based tourism, sustainable tourism, and recreation-based tourism
  • Cross-references and further readings
  • A Reader's Guide grouping articles by disciplinary areas and broad themes

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Yes, you can access The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism by Linda L. Lowry in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Business & Hospitality, Travel & Tourism Industry. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.

Index

Entry titles and their page numbers are in bold. Volume number precedes the page number separated by a colon.
  • AAA. See American Automobile Association (AAA)
  • Abraham, 3:925
  • Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
    • policies, 1:2
    • popularity, 1:1–2
    • tourism development, 1:2–3
    • World Heritage site, 1:2
  • Academia, travel and tourism careers in, 1:233
  • Accessibility issues in travel and tourism, 1:3–6
    • economic, political, and social factors, 1:5–6
    • geography, 1:3–4
    • individual accessibility, 1:4–5
    • overview, 1:3
    • pets, 3:945–946
    • public policy, 1:4
    • social tourism, 1:168, 3:1133–1134
    • tourism development, 1:4
    • transportation issues, 1:3–4
  • Accommodation industry
    • statistics on, 4:1279–1280
    • tourism system, 4:1285
  • Accommodations, types of, 1:6–10
    • boutique hotels, 2:758–759
    • classifications, 1:6
    • mixed-use development, 3:833–835
    • second homes, 3:1079–1080
    • social network marketplaces for, 1:10
    • travel and tourism careers, 1:230–231
    • youth hostels, 4:1493–1495
  • Accor Group, 1:227
  • Accreditation, 3:971
  • Acculturation, 1:11–14
    • demonstration effects, 1:360–361
    • ethnic tourism, 2:442
    • factors in, 1:12
    • forced vs. unforced, 1:11
    • impacts of, 1:13
    • methodologies for studying, 1:13
    • overview, 1:11
    • sensory dimensions of, 1:13
    • tourism and, 1:13–14
    • types, 1:11–12
  • Acquired needs theory, 2:419–420
  • A...

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Half Title
  3. Publisher Note
  4. Title Page
  5. Copyright Page
  6. Contents
  7. About the Editor
  8. Contributors
  9. Introduction
  10. A
  11. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  12. Accessibility Issues in Travel and Tourism
  13. Accommodations, Types of
  14. Acculturation
  15. Adventure Tourism
  16. Advertising and Marketing
  17. Afghanistan
  18. Agritourism
  19. Air Flight Plan, Flight Path, and Flight Recorder
  20. Air Traffic Control
  21. Airbnb
  22. Airline Cost Structure
  23. Airline Hub-and-Spoke System
  24. Airline Passenger Bill of Rights
  25. Airlines Reporting Corporation
  26. Airline Travel
  27. Airport Art and Uniqueness of Place
  28. Airport Trends
  29. Airports
  30. Airports in the United States
  31. Algeria
  32. Alternative Tourism
  33. American Automobile Association
  34. Amman, Jordan
  35. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  36. Andorra
  37. Angola
  38. Antalya, Turkey
  39. Anthropology of Tourism
  40. Antigua and Barbuda
  41. Architecture and Tourism
  42. Arctic Tourism
  43. Argentina
  44. Armenia
  45. Aruba
  46. Auckland, New Zealand
  47. Australia
  48. Austria
  49. Authenticity
  50. Aviation English
  51. Azerbaijan
  52. B
  53. Backpacker Tourism
  54. Baggage
  55. Bahamas, The
  56. Bahrain
  57. Baku, Azerbaijan
  58. Balance of Payments
  59. Bangkok, Thailand
  60. Barbados
  61. Barcelona, Spain
  62. Beach Tourism
  63. Beijing, China
  64. Belarus
  65. Belize
  66. Berlin, Germany
  67. Bermuda
  68. Bhutan
  69. Bicycle Tourism
  70. Big Data and Tourism
  71. Birth Tourism
  72. Body Scanners in Airports
  73. Bolivia
  74. Bosnia and Herzegovina
  75. Botswana
  76. Brand Management
  77. Brazil
  78. BRICS Countries
  79. Brundtland Report
  80. Brunei Darussalam
  81. Budapest, Hungary
  82. Buenos Aires, Argentina
  83. Bulgaria
  84. Burgas, Bulgaria
  85. Burkina Faso
  86. Bus and Coach Operators
  87. Bus Travel, Africa
  88. Bus Travel, Europe
  89. Bus Travel, Middle East
  90. Bus Travel, North and South America
  91. Business Tourism
  92. Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle and Its Expansion to the Creative Economy
  93. C
  94. Cairo, Egypt
  95. Cameroon
  96. Campers, RVs, and Motor Homes
  97. Camping Tourism
  98. Canada
  99. Cancún, Mexico
  100. Cape Verde
  101. Car Rental Companies
  102. Carbon Offsets
  103. Careers in Travel and Tourism
  104. Caribbean Tourism Organization
  105. Carrying Capacity: Environmental
  106. Carrying Capacity: Physical
  107. Carrying Capacity: Sociocultural
  108. Casino Tourism, Asia & Pacific
  109. Casino Tourism, U.S.
  110. Cell Phones and International Travel
  111. Chad
  112. Channels of Distribution
  113. Chiang Mai, Thailand
  114. Children, Traveling With
  115. China
  116. Christchurch, New Zealand
  117. Cittaslow
  118. City Tours
  119. Civil Aeronautics Board
  120. Climate Change
  121. Cohen’s Model of Typologies of Tourists
  122. Colombia
  123. Commodification of Culture
  124. Communication Networks
  125. Commuter Airline
  126. Computerized Reservation Systems
  127. Congo, Democratic Republic of the
  128. Convention and Visitors Bureaus
  129. Corporate Travel
  130. Cost-Benefit Analysis
  131. Costa Rica
  132. Croatia
  133. Cruise Lines
  134. Cruise Lines International Association
  135. Cruise Port
  136. Cruise Tourism
  137. Cuba
  138. Culinary Tourism
  139. Cultural Tourism
  140. Culture Shock
  141. Currency, Traveler’s Checks, and Credit Cards
  142. Customer Service in Service Businesses
  143. Customs and Immigration
  144. Cyprus
  145. D
  146. Dark Tourism
  147. Day-Tripper Tourism
  148. Deep Vein Thrombosis
  149. Defining Travel and Tourism
  150. Demand Side Tourism Sectors
  151. Demonstration Effect
  152. Denmark
  153. Destination Management
  154. Destination Management Companies
  155. Doha, Qatar
  156. Domestic Tourism
  157. Dominica
  158. Dominican Republic
  159. Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  160. Dublin, Ireland
  161. Duty-Free Sales
  162. E
  163. Early Bird Discounts
  164. Earth Summit
  165. Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
  166. Economics of Tourism
  167. Ecotourism
  168. Ecuador
  169. Edirne, Turkey
  170. Educational Tourism
  171. Egypt
  172. El Salvador
  173. Elements of a Marketing Plan in Travel and Tourism
  174. Enclave Tourism
  175. Entrepreneurship
  176. Environmental Impacts of Tourism
  177. Environmental Impacts of Travel
  178. Environmental Policies
  179. Estonia
  180. Ethiopia
  181. Ethnic Tourism
  182. E-Tickets
  183. E-Tourism
  184. European Travel Commission
  185. European Union and Travel Implications
  186. Exchange Rates
  187. Excursionist Tourism
  188. Externalities
  189. Extreme Tourism
  190. F
  191. Fair and Festival Tourism
  192. Familiarization (FAM) Trip
  193. Farm Tourism
  194. Federal Aviation Administration
  195. Ferries
  196. Fiji
  197. Film- and Media-Induced Tourism
  198. Finland
  199. Flight Attendants: History and Culture
  200. Food and Beverage Establishments, Types of
  201. France
  202. Franchise
  203. Frankfurt, Germany
  204. G
  205. Gabon
  206. Gambia, The
  207. Game Park Tourism
  208. Garden Tourism
  209. Geography of Light and Landscape in Travel
  210. Georgia
  211. Geotourism
  212. Germany
  213. Glamping Tourism
  214. Global Positioning System
  215. Golf Tourism
  216. Greece
  217. Greenwashing
  218. Grenada
  219. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Tourism
  220. Group Travel Specialists
  221. Guangzhou, China
  222. Guatemala
  223. Guyana
  224. H
  225. Haiti
  226. Hanoi, Vietnam
  227. Hard and Soft Tourism
  228. Hazmat and Travel
  229. Heritage Tourism
  230. Highway/Freeway System, Africa
  231. Highway/Freeway System, Australia
  232. Highway/Freeway System, China
  233. Highway/Freeway System, Europe
  234. Highway/Freeway System, Japan
  235. Highway/Freeway System, Mexico
  236. Highway/Freeway System, U.S.
  237. Hijacking
  238. Hiking/Walking Tourism
  239. Historic Houses Association
  240. History of Travel and Tourism
  241. Homestay Tourism
  242. Honduras
  243. Hong Kong
  244. Honolulu, United States
  245. Hosts and Guests
  246. Hot-Air Balloon Tours
  247. Human Resource Management
  248. Hungary
  249. I
  250. Iceland
  251. Immunizations
  252. Incentive Travel
  253. India
  254. Indigenous Tourism
  255. Indonesia
  256. In-Flight Amenities
  257. Infrastructure and Superstructure
  258. International Air Transport Association
  259. International Driving Permit
  260. International Ecotourism Society, The
  261. International Relations and Tourism
  262. International Society of Travel and Tourism Educators
  263. International Student Travel
  264. International Tourism
  265. International Tourism Fair
  266. Iran
  267. Iraq
  268. Ireland
  269. Israel
  270. Istanbul, Turkey
  271. Italy
  272. ITB Berlin
  273. J
  274. Jakarta, Indonesia
  275. Jamaica
  276. Japan
  277. Johannesburg, South Africa
  278. Jordan
  279. K
  280. Kazakhstan
  281. Kenya
  282. Kiev, Ukraine
  283. Kiribati
  284. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  285. Kuwait
  286. Kyrgyzstan
  287. L
  288. Language of Tourism
  289. Laos
  290. Lebanon
  291. Legacy Air Carriers, History of
  292. Leisure Tourism, Serious
  293. Leisure Travel, Sociology of
  294. Lesotho
  295. LGBT Tourism
  296. Liberia
  297. Libya
  298. Liechtenstein
  299. Lifestyle Tourism
  300. Lima, Peru
  301. Lisbon, Portugal
  302. Local Handicrafts
  303. London, United Kingdom
  304. Low-Cost Air Carriers
  305. Loyalty Schemes
  306. M
  307. Macau
  308. Madagascar
  309. Madrid, Spain
  310. Maglev Trains
  311. Malawi
  312. Malaysia
  313. Maldives
  314. Mali
  315. Malta
  316. Manama, Bahrain
  317. Manila, Philippines
  318. Marijuana Tourism
  319. Market Segmentation
  320. Marrakech, Morocco
  321. Mass Tourism
  322. Mecca, Saudi Arabia
  323. Medical Tourism
  324. Meetings and Conventions Tourism
  325. Melbourne, Australia
  326. Mexico
  327. Mexico City, Mexico
  328. Miami, United States
  329. Milan, Italy
  330. Mixed-Use Development
  331. Moldova
  332. Monaco
  333. Morocco
  334. Moscow, Russia
  335. Mozambique
  336. Multigenerational Tourism
  337. Mumbai, India
  338. Munich, Germany
  339. Museums
  340. Myanmar
  341. N
  342. National Tourism Offices
  343. National Transportation Safety Board
  344. National Trust for Historic Preservation
  345. Natural Disasters
  346. Nature Reserves
  347. Nauru
  348. Nepal
  349. Netherlands, The
  350. New Trends in Travel Marketing
  351. New York City, United States
  352. New Zealand
  353. Niagara Falls
  354. Nicaragua
  355. Nice, France
  356. Niche Tourism
  357. Niger
  358. Nigeria
  359. Norway
  360. O
  361. Olympic Games and Their Impacts
  362. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
  363. Orlando, United States
  364. P
  365. Pacific Asia Travel Association
  366. Pakistan
  367. Palau
  368. Palestine
  369. Panama
  370. Pandemics
  371. Papua New Guinea
  372. Paris, France
  373. Passenger Air Tariff
  374. Passports
  375. Pattaya, Thailand
  376. Peru
  377. Pets, Traveling With
  378. Philippines
  379. Phuket, Thailand
  380. Place-Branding in Tourism
  381. Plog’s Model of Typologies of Tourists
  382. Poland
  383. Politics and Tourism
  384. Portugal
  385. Priority Boarding
  386. Professional Certifications, Event Planners
  387. Professional Certifications, Travel Agents
  388. Pro-Poor Tourism
  389. Psychology of Travel
  390. Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
  391. Q
  392. Qatar
  393. Qualitative Tourism Research
  394. Quantitative Tourism Research
  395. R
  396. Radio Frequency Identification
  397. Rail Travel, Asia & Pacific
  398. Rail Travel, Europe
  399. Recreation and Leisure
  400. Regulation and Deregulation
  401. Religion and Tourism
  402. Religious Tourism
  403. Repatriation of Currency
  404. Research Tourism
  405. Resort Development Planning
  406. Revenue Management
  407. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  408. Rio+20
  409. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  410. Romania
  411. Rural Planning and Development for Tourism
  412. Rural Tourism
  413. Russia
  414. S
  415. Safety Management Systems
  416. Saint Kitts and Nevis
  417. Saint Lucia
  418. Saint Petersburg, Russia
  419. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  420. Samoa
  421. San Marino
  422. Saudi Arabia
  423. Seasonality and Tourism
  424. Second Home Ownership
  425. Seoul, South Korea
  426. Serbia and Montenegro
  427. Sex Tourism
  428. Seychelles
  429. Shanghai, China
  430. Shenzhen, China
  431. Ship Travel
  432. Shopping and Tourism
  433. Sierra Leone
  434. Sightseeing
  435. Singapore
  436. Ski Tourism, Europe
  437. Ski Tourism, U.S.
  438. Slow Tourism
  439. Slow Travel
  440. Slum Tourism
  441. Smart Tourism and Smart Destinations
  442. Social Media and Networking
  443. Social Tourism
  444. Sociocultural Issues Related to Tourism
  445. Sofia, Bulgaria
  446. Solomon Islands
  447. Sousse, Tunisia
  448. South Africa
  449. South Korea
  450. Souvenirs and Tourism
  451. Spa Tourism
  452. Space Tourism
  453. Spain
  454. Special Event Tourism
  455. Special Interest Tourism
  456. Specialty Tourism
  457. Sports Tourism
  458. Spring Break Tourism
  459. Sri Lanka
  460. Stakeholder Analysis
  461. Staycation Tourism
  462. Strategic Management
  463. Supply and Demand
  464. Suriname
  465. Sustainable Development
  466. Sustainable Tourism
  467. Swaziland
  468. Sweden
  469. Switzerland
  470. SWOT Analysis
  471. Syria
  472. T
  473. Taipei, Taiwan
  474. Taiwan
  475. Tajikistan
  476. Tanzania
  477. Thailand
  478. Theme Park Tourism
  479. Timeshare Ownership
  480. Timor-Leste
  481. Tokyo, Japan
  482. Tour Operators
  483. Tourism and the Arts
  484. Tourism and the Millennium Development Goals
  485. Tourism Development
  486. Tourism Ethics and Codes of Conduct
  487. Tourism Multiplier
  488. Tourism Planning
  489. Tourism Policies
  490. Tourism Research
  491. Tourism Resources
  492. Tourism Satellite Accounts
  493. Tourism Statistics
  494. Tourism System, The
  495. Tourist Attractions
  496. Transportation and Infrastructure Issues in the Developing World
  497. Transportation Security Administration
  498. Travel Advisories
  499. Travel Agents and Agencies
  500. Travel and Tourism Research Association
  501. Travel and Tourism Research Journals
  502. Travel and Tourism’s Most Pressing Issues for the 21st Century
  503. Travel Apparel
  504. Travel Blogs
  505. Travel Guides
  506. Travel Insurance
  507. Travel Law
  508. Travel Practice Ethics
  509. Travel Sickness
  510. Travel Technology
  511. Travel Trends in Africa
  512. Travel Trends in Asia & Pacific
  513. Travel Trends in the Middle East
  514. Travel Writers
  515. Trinidad and Tobago
  516. Triple Bottom Line
  517. Tunisia
  518. Turkey
  519. Tuvalu
  520. U
  521. Uganda
  522. Ukraine
  523. UN-Habitat
  524. United Arab Emirates
  525. United Kingdom
  526. Urban Planning and Development for Tourism
  527. Uzbekistan
  528. V
  529. Vacation Days and Impact on Travel
  530. Vancouver, Canada
  531. Vanuatu
  532. Venezuela
  533. Vienna, Austria
  534. Vietnam
  535. Virtual Reality Tourism
  536. Visa Waiver Programs
  537. Visiting Family and Friends Tourism
  538. Visiting Friends and Relatives Tourism
  539. Visitor Management
  540. Volatility of Tourism
  541. Voluntourism
  542. W
  543. Walking Tours
  544. Warsaw, Poland
  545. Water Park Tourism
  546. Weather and Seasonal Pricing
  547. Wedding Tourism
  548. Wellness Tourism
  549. Wildlife Tourism
  550. Wine Tourism
  551. Wine Tourism, New World Wines, Australia/New Zealand
  552. Wine Tourism, New World Wines, China
  553. Wine Tourism, New World Wines, South Africa
  554. Wine Tourism, New World Wines, South America
  555. Wine Tourism, New World Wines, U.S.
  556. Wine Tourism, Old World Wines, Europe
  557. Wonders of the World, Old and New
  558. World Health Organization
  559. World Heritage Sites
  560. World Summit
  561. Worldmaking and the Representation of Peoples and Places in/Through Tourism
  562. Y
  563. Yemen
  564. Youth Hostels
  565. Z
  566. Zimbabwe
  567. Index