Controversies in Globalization

Contending Approaches to International Relations

Peter M. Haas, John A. Hird, Peter M Haas, John A. Hird

• Publisher: CQ Press
• Year: 2012
• Print ISBN: 9781608717958
• eBook ISBN: 9781483301167
• Edition: 2
• Topic: Politics & International Relations
• Subtopic: Globalisation
• Index: Politics & International Relations

Debate style readers can be powerful teaching tools, but they are only effective in so far as the readings really speak to one another. Without readings in true dialogue, the crux of the debate is lost on students, the reader fails to add real depth to the course, and students are left in the lurch.

Controversies in Globalization solves this issue by inviting 17 pairs of scholars and practitioners to write specifically for the volume, directly addressing current and relevant questions in international relations through concise "yes" and "no" pieces on topics related to security, political economy, the environment, public health, democracy, demography, and social issues like gender and ethnicity. At the request of reviewers, new to this edition are three chapters covering the financial crisis, maritime security, and international conflict. Providing students with necessary context, the editors offer introductions that effectively frame the debate and make clear what is at stake, both from a theoretical as well as from a practical perspective. Concluding discussion questions in each chapter encourage critical thinking and analysis.

Haas and Hird?s edited collection helps readers come to terms with the varying perspectives on globalization, and urges critical reflection and the exploration of alternate views.

Table of contents

• CONTROVERSIES IN GLOBALIZATION-FRONT COVER
• CONTROVERSIES IN GLOBALIZATION
• CONTENTS
• CONTRIBUTORS
• About The Editors
• About The Contributors
• PREFACE
• How The Book Is Organized
• Acknowledgments
• UNDERSTANDING GLOBALIZATION
• What’s New About Globalization?
• Technological Innovation
• Expanded Economic Interdependence
• Trade
• Investment
• Demographic Dispersion
• Political Diversification
• Environmental Degradation (And Concern)
• Ideational Convergence
• Globalization’s Effects
• Power Shifts
• Shifting Political Identities
• Complexity of Decision Making
• Perspectives On Globalization
• Political Realism: L’état Eternel
• Market Liberalism: Swords into Stock Shares
• Skepticism: Accentuate the Positive and Adjust the Negative
• Radicalism: Challenge the Dominant Paradigm
• Cosmopolitan Transformationalism: Jazz and Constant Improvisation
• Conclusion
• Discussion Questions
• Notes
• CHAPTER 1: TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: DOES TRADE LIBERALIZATION CONTRIBUTE TO ECONOMIC PROSPERITY?
• Discussion Questions
• YES: David Dollar, U.S. Treasury Department
• Growing Integration Between North And South
• The Link From Integration To Growth
• China
• India
• Vietnam
• Uganda
• Conclusion
• Notes
• NO: Robert H. Wade, London School of Economics and Political Science
• Givens
• Free Trade Theory
• Evidence for Free Trade
• New Trade Theory
• New New Trade Theory
• Theories of Increasing Returns, Multiple Equilibria, and Spatial Structure
• Industrial Policy And Inter-State Competition
• Evidence
• Optimal Trade Policy
• Conclusion
• Notes
• CHAPTER 2: TRADE AND EQUALITY: DOES FREE TRADE PROMOTE ECONOMIC EQUALITY?
• Discussion Questions
• Note
• YES: L. Alan Winters, University of Sussex
• Ground Clearing
• Trade and Inter-Country Inequality
• Trade and Intra-Country Inequality
• Intra-Country Inequality: The Direct Effects On Households
• Taxation
• Prices and Markets
• Factor Markets
• Conclusion
• Notes
• NO: Kate Vyborny and Nancy Birdsall, Center for Global Development
• Free Trade Increases Income
• The Role of Relative Inequality
• Economic Theory and Economic Realities
• Adjustment Costs
• Advantages for Countries with Most Productive Assets
• Costs of Market Failures on the Poor
• Bias against the Poor in Global Economic Rules
• Solution: Complementary “Fair Growth” Policies
• A Global Social Contract
• Notes
• CHAPTER 3: POVERTY: CAN FOREIGN AID REDUCE POVERTY?
• Discussion Questions
• YES: Jeffrey D. Sachs, The Earth Institute at Columbia University
• Development Assistance As A Tool In Promoting Economic Development
• U.S. Commitments to Economic Development and Poverty Reduction
• Current Levels of U.S. Official Development Assistance in Comparative Perspective
• Private Development Assistance
• What Works and What Doesn’t Work With ODA
• Modernizing U.S. Development Assistance In The Twenty-First Century
• The Goals
• The Technologies
• The Delivery Systems
• The Financing
• The Structure of U.S. Development Assistance
• The Financing of U.S. Development Assistance In The Next Administration
• Notes
• NO: George B. N. Ayittey, American University
• Africa’s Leaky Begging Bowl
• Monumental Leadership Failure
• Acrobatics On Reform
• Better Ways Of Helping Africa
• Notes
• CHAPTER 4: FINANCIAL CRISES: WILL PREVENTING FUTURE FINANCIAL CRISES REQUIRE CONCERTED INTERNATIONAL RULEMAKING?
• Discussion Questions
• YES: Jagdish N. Bhagwati, Columbia University
• The Perils Of Gung-Ho International Financial Capitalism
• The Wrong Explanations
• Problems with Free Capital Flows
• The Wall Street-Treasury Complex
• The Question of Malaysian Capital Controls
• Where Do We Stand?
• Lessons From The Current Crisis
• Market Fundamentalism
• Globalization and Financial Innovation
• Financial Regulation
• Free Trade, Not Protectionism
• Morality in the Financial Sector
• Note
• NO: Philip I. Levy, Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs
• Introduction
• What Does It Mean To “Require” Coordination?
• Did A Lack of Coordination Cause The Global Financial Crisis?
• Were Countries Capable of Insulating Themselves?
• Weak Prospects For Coordination
• Conclusion
• Notes
• CHAPTER 5: TERRORISM AND SECURITY: IS INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM A SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE TO NATIONAL SECURITY?
• Discussion Questions
• YES: Charles Duelfer, Omnis, Inc.
• Dynamics Of The Post-9/11 Decade
• Analyzing The Trends
• Terrorism and Security Policy
• Summary
• Notes
• NO: John Mueller, Ohio State University
• Evaluating The Challenge
• The Prospect of A Terrorist Nuclear Bomb
• The Challenge From Within
• Notes
• CHAPTER 6: NUCLEAR WEAPONS: SHOULD THE UNITED STATES OR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION POLICIES?
• Discussion Questions
• Note
• YES: Scott D. Sagan and Reid C. Pauly, Stanford University
• Why Worry?
• Iraq
• North Korea
• Iran
• Nuclear Terrorism
• Effective Nonproliferation Policies
• Proliferation Fatalism
• Global Zero
• Conclusions
• Notes
• NO: Todd S. Sechser, University of Virginia
• Proliferation and The Historical Record
• The Frequency of Armed Conflict
• The Intensity of Military Conflict
• Conventional-Arms Spending
• Do Near Misses Count?
• Proliferation and U.S. Foreign Policy
• Conclusion
• Notes
• CHAPTER 7: MILITARY INTERVENTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS: IS FOREIGN MILITARY INTERVENTION JUSTIFIED BY WIDESPREAD HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES?
• Discussion Questions
• Note
• YES: Jack Donnelly, University of Denver
• 1. Justification
• 2. The Genocide Exception
• 3. Authority, Intentions, Consequences, and Means
• 4. Justifying Armed Humanitarian Intervention
• 5. The Responsibility To Protect
• 6. Darfur
• 7. Conclusion
• Notes
• NO: Doug Bandow, The Cato Institute
• Notes
• CHAPTER 8: MARITIME SECURITY: DOES CONTROLLING PIRACY AND OTHER CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES REQUIRE SYSTEMATIC STATE INTERVENTIONS?
• Discussion Questions
• Notes
• YES: Scott Mckenzie, World Affairs Council of New Orleans
• Somali Pirates—Failed States
• Anonymous and The Internet—New and Unregulated Territory
• Failure of International Control Results In Violations of Civil and Human Rights
• International Solutions
• Conclusion
• Notes
• NO: Karl T. Muth, London School of Economics and Political Science
• A Brief History of Private Security
• The Failure of State Cooperation
• The First Contention
• The Second Contention
• From Triage To Treatment
• Conclusion
• Notes
• CHAPTER 9: INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT: IS WAR LIKELY BETWEEN THE GREAT POWERS?
• Discussion Questions
• Note
• YES: John F. Copper, Rhodes College
• Defining The Great Powers and War
• A U.S.–China War: The State Level Of Analysis
• A U.S.–China War: The Global Level of Analysis
• A U.S. War With China: The Human Level of Analysis
• Conclusions
• Notes
• NO: Joshua S. Goldstein, School of International Service, American University
• Explaining The Great-Power Peace
• Strengthening Norms against Violence
• Nuclear Weapons
• Prosperity and Interdependence
• The United Nations
• Great-Power War Scenarios
• Proxy Wars
• Conclusion
• CHAPTER 10: CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CAN INTERNATIONAL REGIMES BE EFFECTIVE MEANS TO RESTRAIN CARBON EMISSIONS?
• Discussion Questions
• Note
• YES: Brent Ranalli, The Cadmus Group
• Today’s Sorry Situation
• Preliminaries
• Solid Foundations
• 1. A strong, versatile framework: convention and protocol
• 2. Differentiated responsibility
• 3. Meaningful commitments
• 4. Flexible implementation
• Echoes of The Montreal Protocol
• Stumbling Blocks In Climate Negotiations
• Effectiveness
• Procedural Issues
• Participation
• Diplomatic Windows of Opportunity
• Notes
• NO: Samuel Thernstrom, Clean Air Task Force
• The Quixotic Quest For Uniform National Emissions Standards
• The Futility Of Equity Arguments
• Differing Interests, Abilities, and Approaches To Climate Policy
• The Quest For A Comprehensive International Climate Policy
• Notes
• CHAPTER 11: THE FUTURE OF ENERGY: SHOULD GOVERNMENTS ENCOURAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES TO HELP REDUCE DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL FUELS?
• Discussion Questions
• YES: Christopher Flavin, Worldwatch Institute
• Avoiding Catastrophe
• The Convenient Truth
• Energy Productivity and Supply
• Making Energy Markets Work Through Government
• The Final Tipping Point
• Conclusion
• Notes
• NO: Michael Lynch, Strategic Energy & Economic Research, Inc.
• Finite Resources: Malthus Redux
• Benefits: Green Pie In The Sky?
• Pollution Reduction
• High Prices: Déjà Vu All Over Again
• Jobs
• Energy Security
• Coming Down To Earth
• Economics: Not The Only Thing, But At Least Something
• Other Shortcomings
• Conclusion
• CHAPTER 12: HIV/AIDS: SHOULD THE WEALTHY NATIONS PROMOTE ANTI-HIV/AIDS EFFORTS IN POOR NATIONS?
• Discussion Questions
• YES: Mead Over, Center for Global Development
• NO: Mark Heywood, AIDS Law Project
• Is There A New Commitment To Global Health?
• From State To Nonstate
• Global Disease Threats: Self-Interest First
• Developing Countries: Health At The Margins
• Health and Underdevelopment: Globalization and Its Consequence For Public Health
• Is Investing In Health An Economic Necessity?
• Health Is A Human Right and a Legal Entitlement
• Notes
• CHAPTER 13: GENDER: SHOULD THE UNITED STATES AGGRESSIVELY PROMOTE WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN DEVELOPING NATIONS?
• Discussion Questions
• YES: Isobel Coleman, Council on Foreign Relations
• Support For Girls’ Education: A Foreign Policy “No-Brainer”
• Beyond Education: Health and Jobs
• Conclusion
• Notes
• NO: Marcia E. Greenberg, Independent Gender Mainstreaming Consultant
• Introduction
• A Preliminary Clarification Regarding The Objective: “Rights” Or The Well-Being Of Women And Girls?
• Address The Contexts and Causes That Enable or Generate Violations of Women’s Rights
• Rethink Reliance on Legal Systems and Courts
• Shift Focus From Rights To Development, But Also From Women To Gender Equality That Includes Men and Boys As Well
• The U.S. on The World Stage
• Support Women’s Rights and Well-Being Through U.S. Manageable Interests and Taking Responsibility for Impacts
• Concluding Thoughts
• Notes
• CHAPTER 14: IMMIGRATION: SHOULD COUNTRIES LIBERALIZE IMMIGRATION POLICIES?
• Discussion Questions
• Note
• YES: James F. Hollifield, Southern Methodist University
• Introduction
• The Global Migration “Crisis”
• Migration and Globalization
• Managing Migration In A New Era of Globalization
• The Emerging “Migration State”
• NO: Philip Martin, University of California, Davis
• Migration and Labor
• Differences Motivate Migration
• Why People Migrate
• Differences and Linkages
• Should Countries Liberalize?
• Notes
• CHAPTER 15: CULTURE AND DIVERSITY: SHOULD DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS SEEK TO PRESERVE LOCAL CULTURE?
• Discussion Questions
• YES: Elsa Stamatopoulou, Secretariat of theUnited Nations Permanent Forum onIndigenous Issues
• The Concept of Development Within The International Normative Framework
• The Concepts of Culture and of Preserving Cultures
• The Concept of Local Culture
• Indigenous Peoples and International Standards
• The Vision of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
• The Linkage of Indigenous Peoples’ Cultural Rights to Development
• Conclusion: Development with Culture
• Notes
• NO: Kwame Anthony Appiah, Princeton University
• Cosmopolitanism Combats Homogeneity
• The Ambiguity of Authenticity
• Adapting and Interpreting Cultural Influences
• Cosmopolitanism Versus Neofundamentalism: Tension Between Liberty and Diversity
• Understanding, and Possibly (But Not Necessarily) Agreeing
• The Case For Contamination
• CHAPTER 16: CIVIL SOCIETY: DO NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS WIELD TOO MUCH POWER?
• Discussion Questions
• Notes
• YES: Kenneth Anderson, Washington College of Law, American University
• From “International Ngos” To “Global Civil Society”
• What’s Wrong with The Conventional Account of Global Civil Society?
• Yes, Too Powerful If . . .
• Notes
• NO: Marlies Glasius, University of Amsterdam
• Transparency
• Equality
• Deliberation
• Representation
• Participation
• The Ethical Contribution
• CHAPTER 17: DEMOCRACY: SHOULD ALL NATIONS BE ENCOURAGED TO PROMOTE DEMOCRATIZATION?
• Discussion Questions
• YES: Francis Fukuyama, The Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University, and Michael McFaul, U.S. Ambassador to Russia
• The Case For Democracy Promotion
• U.S. Interests
• American Values
• Engaging The Case Against Democracy Promotion
• Modalities of Democracy Promotion
• Restoring the American Example
• Revitalizing Dual Track Diplomacy
• Reorganizing Democracy Assistance
• Enhancing and Creating International Institutions for Democracy Promotion
• Strengthening International Norms
• Notes
• NO: Edward D. Mansfield, University of Pennsylvania, and Jack Snyder, Columbia University
• The Democratic Peace
• Transitions To Nationalism and War
• The Daunting “To Do” List of Democratization
• The Oxymoron of Imposed Democracy
• Being Patient and Getting The Sequence Right
• In The Meantime, Normal Diplomacy
• Notes
• GLOSSARY
• REFERENCES
• INDEX