Water Resource Technology

Management for Engineering Applications

Vikas Dubey, Sri R.K. Mishra, Marta Michalska-Domańska, Vaibhav Deshpande, Vikas Dubey, Sri R.K. Mishra, Marta Michalska-Domańska, Vaibhav Deshpande

• Publisher: De Gruyter
• Year: 2021
• ISBN:
  9783110721553
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Applied Sciences
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Water resource systems and technologies are important fields in engineering today. This book will discuss various areas on water resource management. Topics discussed include water harvesting techniques, waste water purification, and urban water systems as well as concrete, pavement, and mortar stabilizers, and earthquake resistance technologies and how they relate to water management systems.

1 Analysis of rainfall and runoff of a catchment area using HYMOS

Ashay Shende

Department of Civil Engineering, KDK College of Engineering, Nagpur 440009, Maharashtra, India

Mahendra Umare

Department of Civil Engineering, KDK College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Acknowledgement: We are grateful to the Hydrology Division, Water Resource Department, Nagpur, Government of Maharashtra, India, for providing data and necessary facilitation of analysis on HYMOS.

Abstract

The primary source of water in India is rainfall which is experienced over most part of the country. The rainfall varies from place to place and is measured using more than 3,000 rain gauge stations, which are set up by Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and Water Resource Department of State Government. The average annual rainfall of India is about 119.4 cm. According to Irrigation Commission of India, the total annual average precipitation in India is about 4,000 km³, which contributes towards a total annual surface water flow of about 1,869 km³ and the remaining is lost as evaporation, transpiration and infiltration. If the intensity of rainfall is more, it can cause hazardous flood leading to high casualties and property damages. To mitigate the floods, structural and non-structural measures are inevitable along with strong flood forecasting or early warning systems. This is possible when effective and scientific analysis of rainfall and runoff is carried out for a vulnerable catchment area. This chapter emphasizes the application of rainfall–runoff relationship and Unit Hydrograph in Flood Forecasting using a software tool HYMOS. The results obtained show good amount of accuracy and corroborate with site parameters. For calculation purpose, the data of catchment area serving Multipurpose (Irrigation and Hydroelectric) Project Pench in Maharashtra–Madhya Pradesh is used, and rainfall is calculated for full climatic station, Kamthikhairy (latitude 21°22′01″N and 79°11′37″E) with altitude 295.00 m using various climatologically factors and HYMOS tool. This will provide data for the planning, scheduling of different irrigation and non-irrigational projects, flood routing and so on of the region.

1.1 Introduction

Long-term planning of water resource project depends upon the correlation of rainfall and surface hydrology of respective catchment areas. The analysis helps the concerned department to understand the availability of water for the use in various sectors (Kebila, 2008).

Precipitation is measured using various pluviometers (types of rain gauges). The characteristic features need to be considered are catchment area and topography, intensity and type of storm, and season. For studying the characteristic features of rainfall and runoff, all the meteorological parameters should be considered. All the components of hydrological cycle (such as runoff, surface runoff, sub-surface runoff, precipitation, evaporation, condensation, transpiration, infiltration) need to be evaluated for analysing discharge of particular catchment (Kim and Kim, 2020). The meteorological parameters are recorded using different instruments, which provide information on local weather and climatic conditions.

All the recorded qualitative and quantitative data pertaining to meteorological and hydrological parameters are fed into Surface Water Data Entry System (SWDES) software. HYMOS is used to analyse the data fed to SWDES thereby helping the officials to achieve effective reservoir operation.

Hence, the user-friendly features of HYMOS make it a versatile tool for carrying out research and consultancy in the field of water management. At present, HYMOS 4.03 version is in use. Using statistical data from the water resource department, various analyses such as Unit Hydrograph Ordinate (UHO), flood forecasting, coefficient of rainfall and run-off and its relationship, identification of characteristic features of catchment, surface water analysis are performed.

1.1.1 Background

Many researchers have studied rainfall–runoff relation for different catchment, watershed for effective computation of flood discharge, planning and management of water resource projects and so on. However, a few notable research have been reviewed and summarized in Table 1.1 as given below:

Table 1.1:Review of literature.

SN	Name of paper	Review
01	Kebila (2008)	This article focused on developing a rainfall–runoff model using limited data and characteristics of catchment.
02	Verma (2005)	The authors have carried out work on rainfall, runoff and sediment losses from watersheds of the central Himalayas over different land cover. Precipitation was recorded for five rain gauge stations spread into different regions.
03	Nur-Sharifah (2015)	The research was conduct...