Section 1: Getting to Know Uno Platform
This part of the book will provide you with all the information you need to know about Uno Platform and how to determine which of your projects it is appropriate for. It will then detail how to set up your development environment(s) for building apps with Uno Platform and walk you through creating your first app. It will then explore the basics of working with an app built with Uno Platform and show how you can use the tools and skills you're already familiar with. Additionally, it will show you how to do some of the most common tasks that developers need to do in most apps.
In this section, we include the following chapters:
- Chapter 1, Introducing Uno Platform
- Chapter 2, Writing Your First Uno Platform App
Chapter 1: Introducing Uno Platform
Uno Platform is a cross-platform, single-codebase solution for developing applications that run on various devices and operating systems. It does this while building on the rich heritage of Windows development APIs and tooling. This allows you to take the Windows app development skills you already have and use them to build apps for Android, iOS, macOS, WebAssembly, Linux, and others.
This book will be your guide to Uno Platform. It will show you how to use Uno Platform's functionality to build a variety of different applications that address real-world scenarios.
In this chapter, we'll cover the following topics:
- Understanding what Uno Platform is
- Using Uno Platform
- Setting up your development environment
By the end of this chapter, you'll understand why you'll want to use Uno Platform to develop apps, and the types of applications it's best suited to help you build. You'll also be able to set up your environment so that you're ready to start building apps when reading subsequent chapters in this book.
Technical requirements
In this chapter, you will be guided through the process of setting up your development machine. To work through all the examples in the book, you will need a machine running any of the following:
- Windows 10 (1809) or higher
- macOS 10.15 (Catalina) or higher
If you only have access to one, you'll still be able to follow along with most of the book. The book will primarily assume you are working with a Windows machine. We will only show examples that use Mac when absolutely necessary.
There is no source code for this chapter. However, the code for the other chapters can be found at the following URL: https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Creating-Cross-Platform-C-Sharp-Applications-with-Uno-Platform.
Understanding what Uno Platform is
According to the website (https://platform.uno/), Uno Platform is "the first and only UI Platform for single-codebase applications for Windows, WebAssembly, iOS, macOS, Android and Linux."
That's a complex sentence so let's break down the key elements:
- As a UI platform, it's a way of building applications with a User Interface (UI). This is in contrast to those platforms that are text-based and run from the command line (or equivalent), are embedded in hardware, or are interacted with in other ways, such as by voice.
- Using a single code base means you only need to write code once to have it run on multiple devices and operating systems. Specifically, this means the same code can be compiled for each platform the app will run on. This is in contrast with tools that convert or transpile code into a different programming language before being compiled for another platform. It's also the only code base that's singular, not the output. Some comparable tools create a unique package that runs inside a host application on each OS, or create everything in HTML and JavaScript, and run inside an embedded browser. Uno Platform does neither of these. Instead, it produces native application packages for each platform.
- Windows apps are based on the Universal Windows Platform (UWP) for Windows 10. Work is currently being done at Microsoft to make WinUI 3 the successor to UWP. Uno Platform has partnered with Microsoft to ensure that Uno Platform can easily transition from UWP once WinUI 3 is at a comparable operative level.
- Windows support also includes the Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), powered by SkiaSharp, for apps that need to run on older versions of Windows (7.1 or 8.1).
- Applications that run in WebAssembly have all their code compiled to run inside a web browser. This means they can be accessed from any device with a compatible browser, without running code on the server.
- By supporting iOS, the apps that are created can run on iPhones and iPads.
- With support for macOS, the apps can run on a MacBook, iMac, or Mac Mini.
- Support for Android applies to phones and tablets running the Android operating system.
- Linux support applies to specific Linux PC equivalent distributions and is powered by SkiaSharp.
Uno Platform does all of the preceding by reusing the tooling, APIs, and XAML that Microsoft created for building UWP apps.
Another way to answer the "what is Uno Platform?" question is that it's a way to write code once and have it run everywhere. The exact definition of "everywhere" is imprecise, as it doesn't include every embedded system or microcontroller capable of running code. Still, many developers and businesses have long had the desire to write code once and run it easily on multiple platforms. Uno Platform makes this possible.
One of the early criticisms of Microsoft's UWP was that it was only universal on Windows. With Uno Platform, developers can now make their UWP apps genuinely universal.
A brief history of Uno Platform
With the varied number of cross-platform tools available today, it's easy to forget how limited the options were back in 2013. At that time, there were no general-purpose tools for easily building native apps that ran on multiple operating systems.
It was at that time that nventive (https://nventive.com/), a Canadian software design and development company, faced a challenge. They had lots of knowledge and experience in building applications for Windows and Microsoft tools, but their customers were also asking them to create applications for Android and iOS devices. Rather than retrain staff or duplicate effort by building multiple versions of the same software for the different platforms, they invented a way to compile the code they wrote for Windows Phone (and later UWP) apps and transfer it to other platforms.
By 2018, it was obvious this approach had been successful for them. They then did the two following things:
- They turned the tool they had created into an open source project, calling it Uno Platform.
- They added support for WebAssembly.
As an open source project, this allowed other developers tackling the same problem to work together. Uno Platform has since seen thousands of contributions from over 200 external contributors, and involvement has been expanded to support more platforms and add additional functionality for the initially supported platforms.
As an open source project...
