Energy Storage for Modern Power System Operations

Sandeep Dhundhara, Yajvender Pal Verma, Sandeep Dhundhara, Yajvender Pal Verma

• Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener
• Year: 2021
• Print ISBN: 9781119760337
• eBook ISBN: 9781119760283
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Energy

ENERGY STORAGE for MODERN POWER SYSTEM OPERATIONS

Written and edited by a team of well-known and respected experts in the field, this new volume on energy storage presents the state-of-the-art developments and challenges for modern power systems for engineers, researchers, academicians, industry professionals, consultants, and designers.

Energy storage systems have been recognized as the key elements in modern power systems, where they are able to provide primary and secondary frequency controls, voltage regulation, power quality improvement, stability enhancement, reserve service, peak shaving, and so on. Particularly, deployment of energy storage systems in a distributed manner will contribute greatly in the development of smart grids and providing promising solutions for the above issues. The main challenges will be the adoption of new techniques and strategies for the optimal planning, control, monitoring and management of modern power systems with the wide installation of distributed energy storage systems. Thus, the aim of this book is to illustrate the potential of energy storage systems in different applications of modern power systems, with a view toward illuminating recent advances and research trends in storage technologies.

This exciting new volume covers the recent advancements and applications of different energy storage technologies that are useful to engineers, scientists, and students in the discipline of electrical engineering. Suitable for the engineers at power companies and energy storage consultants working in the energy storage field, this book offers a cross-disciplinary look across electrical, mechanical, chemical and renewable engineering aspects of energy storage. Whether for the veteran engineer or the student, this is a must-have for any library.

AUDIENCE
Electrical engineers and other designers, engineers, and scientists working in energy storage

1
Introduction to Energy Storage Systems

Rajender Kumar Beniwal¹*, Sandeep Dhundhara² and Amarjit Kalra²

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India

²Department of Basic Engg, College of Agricultural Engg. and Tech., CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India

Abstract

This chapter presents an introduction to the Energy Storage Systems (ESS) used in the present power system. Nowadays, renewable energy sources–based generating units are being integrated with the grid as they are green and clean sources of energy and also address environmental concerns. Therefore, electrical energy storage systems become one of the main components which deal with the grid instability that occurs due to the intermittent nature of these renewable energy sources. In this chapter, different types of energy storage systems reported in the literature have been presented. An effort has been made to discuss all the details such as the principle of operation, different components, and characteristics of each type of energy storage technology. Different characteristics of energy storage techniques are compared in tabular form with their pros and cons. The main objective of this chapter is to introduce the concept of storage techniques used in power systems and their needs and applications. Classification of storage systems has been presented based on short-term, medium, and long-term usage capacity.

Keywords: Energy storage system, distributed energy resources, microgrid, power system, renewable energy, storage techniques

1.1 Introduction

Electrical energy is now becoming the backbone of every country as it directly helps to enhance economic growth through its several applications in the national grid. The development of any industrial infrastructure is directly associated with the availability of electrical energy and due to this growing industrial infrastructure, the electricity demand is also increasing. As per the hike in demand for electrical energy, there is a need to enhance the generation, transmission, and distribution network capacity. Initially, the basic objective of the power system network was to generate electrical power in a remote area (due to natural resource availability and pollution issues), transmit this electrical power from a remote area to the load center by high voltage transmission lines and finally distribute the power as per customers’ required voltage level. After deregulation, the power system goes through so many structural changes, policy implementations, reforms, and technological advancements. The original power system is restructured in a modern power system with flexibility in operation and two-way power control. It results in a complex and huge size power system by the interconnections of different components at each level. With the increased complexity, the control of the power system becomes a tedious task. In developing countries, the demand for electrical energy is always greater than that for the generation capacity. Further, electricity demand is highly dynamic or random and difficult to predict precisely. Initially, the task of the power system was to generate, transmit, and distribute energy under central control in a vertically integrated market. But due to research and development, advancement in technology and change in regulation significantly change the framework of power systems [1]. After the reforms, the central control is distributed and a restructured modern power system comes into the existence. In this modern power system, each shareholder, that is energy producers and consumers, has active participation and has some rights. Small power producers are also encouraged to contribute and a new term “prosumer” is introduced. Prosumers are the customers who produce and consume electrical power locally. So, with this, the power flow is bidirectional and complexity is further increased. On the other hand, the operation of the power system becomes difficult due to bidirectional power flow.

Also, the majority of the share of electrical energy comes from traditional/conventional fossil fuel–based energy sources. These sources contribute to environmental pollution and greenhouse gases emission. Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, their non-availability in each country, and environmental concerns, an alternate source of energy is needed. So, nowadays, the focus on renewable energy resources/sources (RERs/RES) is more which are available across the globe. With the new policies, small power producers and renewable energy generation have been encouraged to meet the energy demand. In this case, the renewable generation can be much closer to the load and named as distributed generation. It saves the transmission resources, as well as losses, which are very less. Figure 1.1 shows the concept of distributed generation (DG) in modern power systems [2]...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Preface
• 1 Introduction to Energy Storage Systems
• 2 Storage Technology Perspective in Modern Power System
• 3 Virtual Inertia Provision Through Energy Storage Technologies
• 4 Energy Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles
• 5 Fast-Acting Electrical Energy Storage Systems for Frequency Regulation
• 6 Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell and Its Control
• 7 Lithium-Ion vs. Redox Flow Batteries – A Techno-Economic Comparative Analysis for Isolated Microgrid System
• 8 Role of Energy Storage Systems in the Micro-Grid Operation in Presence of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources and Load Growth
• 9 Role of Energy Storage System in Integration of Renewable Energy Technologies in Active Distribution Network
• 10 Inclusion of Energy Storage System with Renewable Energy Resources in Distribution Networks
• Index
• Also of Interest
• End User License Agreement