A Blueprint for Coastal Adaptation
Uniting Design, Economics, and Policy
Carolyn Kousky,Billy Fleming,Alan M. Berger
- 312 pages
- English
- ePUB (mobile friendly)
- Available on iOS & Android
A Blueprint for Coastal Adaptation
Uniting Design, Economics, and Policy
Carolyn Kousky,Billy Fleming,Alan M. Berger
About This Book
Tens of millions of Americans are at risk from sea level rise, increased tidal flooding, and intensifying storms. The design and policy decisions that have shaped coastal areas are in desperate need of updates to help communities better adapt to a changing climate. A Blueprint for Coastal Adaptation identifies a bold new research and policy agenda and provides implementable options for coastal communities.In this book, coastal adaptation experts discuss the interrelated challenges facing communities experiencing sea level rise and increasing storm impacts. These issues extend far beyond land use planning into housing policy, financing for public infrastructure, insurance, fostering healthier coastal ecosystems, and more. Deftly addressing far-reaching problems from cleaning up contaminated, abandoned sites, to changes in drinking water composition, chapters give a clear-eyed view of how we might yet chart a course for thriving coastal communities. They offer a range of climate adaptation policies that could protect coastal communities against increasing risk, while preserving the economic value of these locations, their natural environments, and their community and cultural values. Lessons are drawn from coastal communities around the United States to present equitable solutions. The book provides tools for evaluating necessary tradeoffs to think more comprehensively about the future of our coastal communities.Coastal adaptation will not be easy, but planning for it is critical to the survival of many communities. A Blueprint for Coastal Adaptation will inspire innovative and cross-disciplinary thinking about coastal policy at the state and local level while providing actionable, realistic policy and planning options for adaptation professionals and policymakers.
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PART I
Designing for Equitable Resilience
CHAPTER 1
A Comprehensive Framework for Coastal Flood-Risk Reduction: Charting a Course Toward Resiliency
Samuel Brody, Kayode Atoba, Wesley Highfield, Antonia Sebastian, Russell Blessing, William Mobley, and Laura Stearns
A Framework for Coastal Flood-Risk Reduction
Resistance
ARMORING
Mitigation Strategy | Description |
| Resistance |
Dikes/Levees | Solid constructed walls that prevent elevated water levels from flooding interior lowlands. |
Dams | Artificial barrier usually constructed across a stream channel to impound or store water. |
Floodgates/Barriers | Adjustable gates that prevent storm surge from flooding coastal areas. |
Breakwaters | Detached structures built parallel to the coast. |
Groins/Jetties | Typically short structures attached perpendicular to the shoreline, extending across at least part of the beach out into the surf zone. |
Bulkheads | Vertical retaining walls to hold or prevent soil from sliding seaward. |
Revetments | Armoring materials placed on an existing slope, embankment or seawall to protect the backside area from storm-driven waves. |
Artificial Reefs | Construction of reefs in nearshore areas to reduce the impacts of storm surge and waves. |
Constructed Dunes | Building or replacing dunes to protect communities from storm surge and wave action. |
| Avoidance |
Freeboard/Building Elevation | Elevating structures above base flood to protect from inundation. |
Fill | Elevating landscapes with compacted soil or dirt before construction of buildings to prevent inundation. |
Buffers/Setbacks | A specific distance for which structures must be set back. |
Clustering | Increasing the permissible development density in the least vulnerable areas within a specific property. |
Density Bonuses | Increasing development density and height requirements for specified parcels. |
TDRs | Transfer of development rights from a vulnerable area to a less vulnerable or sensitive area. |
Targeted Public Infrastructure | Invest in public utilities and other infrastructure in the least vulnerable areas. |
Acquisition | Purchase of some or all property rights for open space protection for flood mitigation. |
Relocation | Remove structures from a vulnerable location to a less vulnerable location. |
Drainage Maintenance | Maintaining drainage devices (canals, ditches, storm drains, etc.) to ensure they operate effectively during a flood event. |
Protected Areas/Open Space | Designating one or multiple parcels as protected open space for flood mitigation. |
Local Plans | Adoption of local planning instruments (e.g., floodplain plans, comprehensive plans, local mitigation strategies, etc.) that set forth a series of coordination policies aimed at mitigating flood impacts. |
Low Impact Development | Development standards and techniques designed to work with ecological functions to manage stormwater as close to its source as possible (e.g., bioswales, rain gardens, permeable pavement). |
| Accommodation |
Retention/Detention | Either dry or wet holding areas/ponds that collect stormwater. |
Underground Cisterns | Large stormwater holding areas underground. |
Breakaway Walls | First-story walls on elevated homes designed to break away during storm surges. |
Garage Vents | Openings at the base of a garage that allow water to pass through the structure. |
Protected Open Space | Designating protected open spaces or passive recreation sites for flood detention. |
Constructed Wetlands | Creating wetlands around structures or on vacant parcels. |
| Communication |
Flood-Risk Information | Providing information about flood risks through multiple media outlets. |
Education/Training | Training through classes, workshops, certifications, etc. |
Hazard Disclosure | Disclosing a propertyâs potential flood hazard to prospective buyers before the lender notifies them of the need for flood insurance. |