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Electoral Systems
A Comparative Introduction
David M. Farrell
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eBook - PDF
Electoral Systems
A Comparative Introduction
David M. Farrell
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About This Book
Electoral Systems examines the six principle types of electoral system currently in use in more than seventy of the world's democracies. A common format is adopted throughout, dealing with explanations of how the system operates and its effects on the political system.
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Information
242
Glossary
Multi-Tier
Districting
Most
of
the
list
systems
carve
up
a
country
into
regions
or
constituencies,
thereby
reducing
the
size
of
the
district
magnitude
and
therefore
the
over-
all
proportionality
of
the
result.
To
help
increase
proportionality,
a
certain
number
of
seats
are
allocated
in
a
second
tier
such
as
across
the
nation
as
a
whole;
in
some
systems
there
may
even
be
three
or
more
tiers.
All
remaining
votes
from
the
first
tier
that
have
not
been
used
to
fill
seats
are
pooled
and
the
distribution
of
the
remaining
seats
is
determined
in
the
upper
tiers.
Überhangmandate
Seats
Literally
surplus
mandates
or
surplus
seats.
In
the
German
mixed
system,
where
the
number
of
constituency
seats
a
party
wins
is
subtracted
from
the
number
of
list
seats
it
is
being
allocated,
it
is
possible
for
a
party
to
win
more
constituency
seats
in
one
Land
(or
state)
than
the
total
to
which
its
share
of
the
vote
would
entitle
it.
Whenever
this
happens
the
party
is
allowed
to
retain
these
extra
seats
and
the
size
of
the
Bundestag
is
temporarily
enlarged.