- 24 pages
- English
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Schools of Linguistics
About this book
THIS BOOKFrom time immemorial, language was seen as a fascinating enigma bymany. It included philosophers, religious men, psychologists, politicians, and sometimes even the layman. To answer the big question "what islanguage?" this book opens the door to the most famous specialists overa large and long range in time and space. It starts from ancient Panini tomodern structuralists and cognitivists such as Saussure Bloomfield andChomsky.
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Yes, you can access Schools of Linguistics by El Mouatamid Ben Rochd in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Languages & Linguistics & Linguistics. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.
Information
AVRAM NOAM CHOMSKY
Avram Noam Chomsky is an American linguist and political
activist who founded Transformational âGenerative Grammar,
an original and highly influential system of linguistic analysis.
Chomsky was first introduced to the study of linguistics by his
father, a Hebrew scholar who worked within the framework of
historical linguistics. He studied at the University of
Pennsylvania under the linguist Zellig S. Harris and earned his
Bachelorâs (1949) and his Masters (1951) degrees there.
The early stages of Chomskyâs theories of language appear in
his university of Pennsylvania PhD dissertation
âTransformational Analysisâ (1955). After receiving his PhD
degree, he began teaching modern languages and linguistics at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1955. He
became a full professor there in 1961 and was appointed
Ferrari P. Ward professor of foreign languages and linguistics in
1966.
Chomsky set out his theory of transformational grammar in
Syntactic Structures (1957), a book that revolutionized the
development of theoretical linguistics. In this work, he broke
with the dominant structural school, which held that language is
essentially a system of syntactical and grammatical habits
established by means of training and experience. Chomsky, by
contrast, argued that human beings have an innate facility for
understanding the formal principles underlying the grammatical
structures of language. It is this innate capacity that explains
how young children, after hearing the speech of their elders, are
able to infer the grammatical rules underlying ordinary
sentences and then use those roles to generate an infinite
number of novel sentences that they had never heard before.
In analyzing the innate ability to construct these âgenerative
grammarsâ, Chomsky distinguished between two levels of
structure: âsurface structureâ, i.e. the actual words and sounds
used, and âdeep structuresâ i.e. the sentenceâs underlying
meaning. People are able to create and interpret sentences by
generating the words of surface structures from deep structures
according to a set of abstract rules that, although limited in
number, allow for unlimited variation. Chomsky called these
rules âgrammatical transformationsâ or âtransformational rulesâ.
He further argues that these rules are basically the same in all
languages and correspond to innate, genetically transmitted
mental structures in the human beings.
Chomskyâs work virtually defined the methods of linguistic
analysis used in the second half of the 20 th century. His
assertions about humansâ innate knowledge of language have
not been widely accepted.
Chomskyâs other books on linguistics include Aspects Of The
Theory Of Syntax (1965), Cartesian Linguistics (1966), The
Sound Pattern Of English (with Maurice Halle 1968), Language
and Mind (1968, enlarged 1972), The Logical Structure of
Linguistic Theory (1975), and Reflections on Language (1975),
Language And Responsibility (1979) discusses the relation of
language and politics and the ramifications of generative
grammar. His later books, include Language and Problems of
Knowledge (1988) and The Minimalist Program (1997).
Chomsky bec...
activist who founded Transformational âGenerative Grammar,
an original and highly influential system of linguistic analysis.
Chomsky was first introduced to the study of linguistics by his
father, a Hebrew scholar who worked within the framework of
historical linguistics. He studied at the University of
Pennsylvania under the linguist Zellig S. Harris and earned his
Bachelorâs (1949) and his Masters (1951) degrees there.
The early stages of Chomskyâs theories of language appear in
his university of Pennsylvania PhD dissertation
âTransformational Analysisâ (1955). After receiving his PhD
degree, he began teaching modern languages and linguistics at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1955. He
became a full professor there in 1961 and was appointed
Ferrari P. Ward professor of foreign languages and linguistics in
1966.
Chomsky set out his theory of transformational grammar in
Syntactic Structures (1957), a book that revolutionized the
development of theoretical linguistics. In this work, he broke
with the dominant structural school, which held that language is
essentially a system of syntactical and grammatical habits
established by means of training and experience. Chomsky, by
contrast, argued that human beings have an innate facility for
understanding the formal principles underlying the grammatical
structures of language. It is this innate capacity that explains
how young children, after hearing the speech of their elders, are
able to infer the grammatical rules underlying ordinary
sentences and then use those roles to generate an infinite
number of novel sentences that they had never heard before.
In analyzing the innate ability to construct these âgenerative
grammarsâ, Chomsky distinguished between two levels of
structure: âsurface structureâ, i.e. the actual words and sounds
used, and âdeep structuresâ i.e. the sentenceâs underlying
meaning. People are able to create and interpret sentences by
generating the words of surface structures from deep structures
according to a set of abstract rules that, although limited in
number, allow for unlimited variation. Chomsky called these
rules âgrammatical transformationsâ or âtransformational rulesâ.
He further argues that these rules are basically the same in all
languages and correspond to innate, genetically transmitted
mental structures in the human beings.
Chomskyâs work virtually defined the methods of linguistic
analysis used in the second half of the 20 th century. His
assertions about humansâ innate knowledge of language have
not been widely accepted.
Chomskyâs other books on linguistics include Aspects Of The
Theory Of Syntax (1965), Cartesian Linguistics (1966), The
Sound Pattern Of English (with Maurice Halle 1968), Language
and Mind (1968, enlarged 1972), The Logical Structure of
Linguistic Theory (1975), and Reflections on Language (1975),
Language And Responsibility (1979) discusses the relation of
language and politics and the ramifications of generative
grammar. His later books, include Language and Problems of
Knowledge (1988) and The Minimalist Program (1997).
Chomsky bec...
Table of contents
- Ben Rochd
- Contents
- Introduction
- WHY STUDY LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS?
- INDIAN TRADITION: PANINI
- GREEK AND LATIN LINGUISTICS
- PLATO
- ARISTOTLE
- DONATUS
- ARABIC TRADITION
- SIBAWAIHI
- IBN JINNI
- PORT ROYAL
- HISTORICISM GRIMMâS LAW
- STRUCTURALISM : FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE
- HJELMSLEV
- PRAGUE LINGUISTIC CIRCLE
- ROMAN JAKOBSON
- ANDRĂ MARTINET
- WILLIAM LABOV
- LONDON SCHOOL
- LE PAGE
- WITTGENSTEIN
- US STRUCTURALISM
- KENNETH PIKE
- LEONARD BLOOMFIELD
- SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS
- AVRAM NOAM CHOMSKY
- CONCLUSION
- APPENDICES
- Bibliography
- Copyright