This book offers a fresh reflection on The Book of Questions by the French-Egyptian Jewish writer Edmond JabĂšs and its readings, and proposes to re-contextualize JabĂšs' enigmatic prose through the lens of the author's manuscripts. Addressed are the main prisms through which JabĂšs' oeuvre has been read since its publication in 1963: Jewishness, the Shoah, intertextuality with Midrash and Kabbalah, hermeticism and interpretation. It analyzes their shapes and their becoming in the work-in-progress, reveals the dynamics and the contexts of their evolution from the pre-texts to the text and beyond, and reflects on the relationship between creation, interpretation, and writing as a process. It seeks to rethink our reading of The Book of Questions and the poetics and hermeneutics of enigmatic writing.

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Edmond JabĂšs and the Archaeology of the Book
Text, Pre-Texts, Contexts
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eBook - ePub
Edmond JabĂšs and the Archaeology of the Book
Text, Pre-Texts, Contexts
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Part I: Before the Book
1 Jews in Egypt. First Pre-texts




Fig. 1aâd: NAF 21860, Livre des Questions, first division, ff. 80â83.
Images of Edmond JabĂšsâ archival documents reproduced with permission of Viviane JabĂšs Crasson and Nimet Frascaria and the authorization of the BnF.
[f. 80] Mémoire le trahiraient.1
â Je flĂąnais.
â A cette heure tardive? Trop simple. Trouvez un meilleur alibi <plus convaincant>.
<â Je flĂąnais.>
Le matin, il avait Ă©tĂ© appelĂ© Ă la PrĂ©fecture. Ayant sollicitĂ© un titre de sĂ©jour, on enquĂȘtait sur sa personne. Le fonctionnaire qui lâavait interrogĂ© sâĂ©tait montrĂ© dâabord rĂ©servĂ©. « Vous avez quittĂ© lâĂgypte de votre plein grĂ©? » Il questionnait du bout des lĂšvres pour mieux marquer sans doute le peu dâintĂ©rĂȘt quâil prenait Ă cet interrogatoire que sa qualitĂ© dâinspecteur lui imposait. Il a donnĂ© les raisons valables qui ont motivĂ© son dĂ©part <dâOrient> Ă lâinspecteur qui les a inscrites <consignĂ©es> surunefeuillede dans un bloc-notes <aux feuilles> quadrillĂ©es.
â Votre profession?
Il a hĂ©sitĂ© Ă rĂ©pondre « homme de lettres » peut-ĂȘtre parce quâil atoujoursĂ©critsporadiquement,parnĂ©cessitĂ©,enamateur <que sa plume ne lâa jamais nourri>.
â Jâai publiĂ© des livres, des essais, de la poĂ©sie. Je suis un Ă©crivain <auteur> français. Un poĂšte âŠ
« Ăcrivain <Auteur> français » dans la bouche dâun Ă©tranger avait irritĂ© lâinspecteur qui ne laissapaspasser <manqua pas> lâoccasion de le relever, nonsans <avec> une pointe dâironie; mais ce qui importait Ă celui-ci, câĂ©tait de savoir sâil avait Ă faire Ă un intellectuel aux idĂ©es subversives.
â Vous avez des rĂ©pondants en France?
â Oui, je crois ⊠<des Ă©crivains> ⊠certainement âŠ
Sa pudeur que lâinspecteur prenait pour de lâembarras le rendait suspect. Il rougit. Il cita des noms âŠ
â Mon Ă©diteur, mon parrain dans lâordre de
[f. 81] LĂ©gion dâhonneur.
Lâinspecteur parut aussitĂŽt rassurĂ©. On pouvait faire confiance au ruban rouge <des bonnes mĆurs, des services rendus>. Il nâavait plus de questions Ă poser.
Il vous faudra tout de mĂȘme <obtenir> une carte de travail, un emploi sĂ©rieux, ajouta-t-il dâun ton <devenu> paternel tandis quâil rangeait lapagearrachĂ©equesonĂ©criturefineavaittransformĂ©eĂ©levĂ©e<aurangde>Ă ladignitĂ©dedocumentfichepoliciĂšre dans le dossier bleu qui portait dans un coin un numĂ©ro de rappel et la mention MOE (main dâĆuvre Ă©trangĂšre) soulignĂ©e Ă lâencre rouge, la page arrachĂ©e que son Ă©criture fine avait transformĂ©e, Ă©levĂ©e au rang de fiche policiĂšre.
[f. 80] [âŠ] Memory would betray him.
âI was taking a stroll.â
âAt this late hour? Too easy. Find a better <more convincing> alibi.â
<âI was taking a stroll.â>
That morning, he had been summoned to the prefecture. He had requested a residence permit, therefore they inquired about his person. The civil servant who had interrogated him was at first reserved. âDid you leave Egypt of your own free will?â He uttered his questions reluctantly, no doubt to show his lack of interest in this questioning that it was his duty as inspector to conduct. He gave the valid reasons that motivated his departure <from the Orient> to the inspector who wrotethem down <recorded them> onasheetofpaper on a note pad of graph paper.
âWhat do you do for a living?â
He hesitated to answer âwriterâ perhaps because hehasalwayswrittensporadically,outofneed,asanamateur <his writing never provided for him>.
âI published books, essays, poetry. I am a French writer <author>. A poet ⊠â
The words âFrench writer <author>â in the mouth of a stranger irritated the inspector who didnâtmiss <seized> the opportunity to remark on it, notwithout <with> a hint of irony; but what mattered to him was to know if the man was an intellectual with subversive ideas.
âDo you have guarantors in France?â
âYes, I think ⊠<writers> ⊠certainly ⊠â
His modesty, which the inspector thought was embarrassment, made him suspicious. He blushed. He gave names âŠ
âMy publisher, my sponsor in the order of the
[f. 81] Legion of Honor.â
The inspector seemed immediately relieved. One could trust the red ribbon <of good morals, of service to the country>. He had no more questions.
âYou will have to get a work permit, though, a proper job,â he added in a tone that became fatherly as he put thetornpagethathistinyhandwritinghadelevatedtothe<rank>dignityofapolicerecordback in the blue file which had a case number in the corner and the initials MOE (Foreign Worker) underlined in red ink, the torn page that his tiny handwriting had transformed, elevated to the rank of a police record.
Il ne pense plus Ă lâenquĂȘte mais auvisage portrait Ă lâinspecteur, Ă la raie de ses cheveux, au milieu de son front bas, Ă ses moustaches <Ă ses joues flasques> Ă son menton pointu fuyant Ă sesdoigtsjaunisparletabacilsaitquelevisageestplustenacequelaparole
Le visage Ă©merge des paroles entendues (oubliĂ©es) modelĂ© on dirait par elles. On finit par avoir le<s> visage traits de sa famille, de son mĂ©tier. Les phares dâune automobile lâobligent Ă clignerdesyeux tourner la tĂȘte. Ungraffitisurlemurdâunvieilimmeubleaumilieudâautresretientsonattention: il lit, sur le mur, en lettres majuscules MortAuxJuifs <Juifs go home>. <Pourquoi sur les milliers de graffiti dâinscriptions (slogans) griffonnĂ©s Ă la craie blanche est-il tombĂ© juste sur celle-lĂ ?> Au visage du policier se substitue celui de cette septuagĂ©naire <Ă©dentĂ©e, misĂ©rable,> contrelaquellelesautoritĂ©sĂ©gyptiennesrencontrĂ©e dans les couloirs du second Ă©tage de lâimposant immeuble <bĂątiment> Ă©rigĂ© sur une des grands places du Caire Ă proximitĂ© du Nil etdanslequellâarmĂ©eetlapoliceontinstallĂ©leurlespremiersexpulsĂ©sconvoquĂ©sdesdeuxsexesdetousĂągesJuifsIsraĂ©lites
[f. 82] Des IsraĂ©lites (apatrides ou de nationalitĂ©s Ă©trangĂšres) des français, <des> anglais, <quelques> australiens, sommĂ©s <(conseillĂ©s selon la version officielle)> de quitter le territoire Ă©gyptien dans les quarante-huit heures, se <sây> pressaient protestaient,serendaientdâunbureauĂ lâautre. Ils abandonnaient leurs biens, leur passĂ© ([ill.]) pour quel avenir? CataloguĂ©s Sujets ennemis du jour au lendemain, ilsĂ©taientexposĂ©sauxinjureson les refoulait dans leur paysrespectif <patrie respective>. La vieille dame, un passeport de sa Gracieuse MajestĂ© Britannique dans les mains, attendait, assise sur un bureau banc, Ă laportedâunbureauouun militaire<accordait>dĂ©livraitlâautorisationdequitterleterritoire, <Ă lâĂ©cart>. Elle avait Ă©pousĂ© en 1910 un anglais dĂ©cĂ©dĂ© un an <mois> aprĂšs ces noces. (Elle ne parlait que lâarabe et lâhĂ©breu) et avait vĂ©cu depuis dans le ghetto du Mousky serisquant dans la journĂ©e, jusquâĂ la Place Apaba Khadra, <[ill.]> pourvendredesbilletsdeloterie Ă lâangle de la rue El Khamzaoui elle vendait des billets de loterie Ă une clientĂšle de petits commerçants <et dâartisans> pour la plupart musulmans, aprĂšslecoucherdusoleil. Au coucher du soleil, dans les cafĂ©s avoisinants, elle promettait « le gros lot » {Ă des consommateurs <chĂ©tifs> distraits <jeunes employĂ©s dans lâadministration de lâĂtat> fumant le narguileh <chauffeurs de taxi> [ill.] des Ă©tudiants vĂȘtus Ă lâeuropĂ©enne ou de [ill]} (argumentsĂ lâappui) Ă des consommateurs attablĂ©s (vautrĂ©s sur leurs chaises) vĂȘtus dâun gallabieh ou vĂȘtusĂ lâeuropĂ©enne <dâun pyjama de coton Ă larges rayures de couleur> fumant le narguileh ou jouant <bruyamment> au jaquet. ([ill.])On lâappelait « El Yahoudeia » (la Juive) Il la connaissait. Unefoisparan,Ă PĂąque Au jour de lâan et Ă PĂąque, elle allait quĂȘter chez lui. Quandellelâaperçut Elle lui fit signe de sâapprocher (elle Ă©tait trĂšs fatiguĂ©e et
He thinks no more of the questioning but oftheface portrait of the inspector, of the parting of his hair, in the middle of his low forehead, of his moustache, <of his flabby cheeks> of his pointy receding chin ofhisfingersyellowwithtobaccoheknowsthefaceismoretenaciousthatthewords
The face emerges from the heard (forgotten) words as if it were shaped by them. People end up having the face features of their family, their job. The lights of a car force him to blink turn his head away. Onebitofgraffitiamongothersonthewallofanoldbuildinggetshisattention: he reads, on the wall, in capital letters MortauxJuifs[DeathtoJews] <Juifs go home>. <Why out of the thousands of graffiti inscriptions (slogans) scribbled in white chalk did he see precisely this one?> The face of the policeman is replaced with the face of this seventy year old woman, <toothless, miserable,> againstwhomtheEgyptianauthorities met in the hallways of the second floor of the imposing house <building> erected on of Cairoâs big plazas, close the Nile, andinwhichthearmyandthepoliceinstalledtheirthefirstexpulsedsummonedmenandwomenpeopleofallagesJewsIsraelites
[f. 82] Israelites (stateless or foreigners), Frenchmen, Englishmen, <a ...
Table of contents
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- Introduction: Enigmas, Beneath and Beyond
- Part I:âBefore the Book
- Part II:âThe Paths Toward Metaphor
- Part III:âThe Book and Its Pre-Texts. Theoretical Questions
- Bibliography
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Yes, you can access Edmond JabĂšs and the Archaeology of the Book by Tsivia Wygoda Frank,Tsivia Frank Wygoda in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Literature & French Literary Criticism. We have over 1.5 million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.