Chemical Reaction Engineering

Parameter Estimation, Exercises and Examples

Martin Schmal, José Carlos Pinto

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2021
• eBook ISBN: 9781000471441
• Edition: 2
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Chemistry
• Index: Chemistry

The first English edition of this book was published in 2014. This book was originally intended for undergraduate and graduate students and had one major objective: teach the basic concepts of kinetics and reactor design. The main reason behind the book is the fact that students frequently have great difficulty to explain the basic phenomena that occur in practice. Therefore, basic concepts with examples and many exercises are presented in each topic, instead of specific projects of the industry. The main objective was to provoke students to observe kinetic phenomena and to think about them. Indeed, reactors cannot be designed and operated without knowledge of kinetics.

Additionally, the empirical nature of kinetic studies is recognized in the present edition of the book. For this reason, analyses related to how experimental errors affect kinetic studies are performed and illustrated with actual data. Particularly, analytical and numerical solutions are derived to represent the uncertainties of reactant conversions in distinct scenarios and are used to analyze the quality of the obtained parameter estimates. Consequently, new topics that focus on the development of analytical and numerical procedures for more accurate description of experimental errors in reaction systems and of estimates of kinetic parameters have been included in this version of the book. Finally, kinetics requires knowledge that must be complemented and tested in the laboratory. Therefore, practical examples of reactions performed in bench and semi-pilot scales are discussed in the final chapter.

This edition of the book has been organized in two parts. In the first part, a thorough discussion regarding reaction kinetics is presented. In the second part, basic equations are derived and used to represent the performances of batch and continuous ideal reactors, isothermal and non-isothermal reaction systems and homogeneous and heterogeneous reactor vessels, as illustrated with several examples and exercises. This textbook will be of great value to undergraduate and graduate students in chemical engineering as well as to graduate students in and researchers of kinetics and catalysis.

Part V Deactivation

Chapter 19 Catalyst deactivation

Catalyst deactivation occurs over time during a catalytic process and it is a phenomenon that invariably takes place in most industrial processes. Catalyst deactivation may occur via four main phenomena: coke deposition which leads to the blocking of pores and active sites, poisoning via metals (S, As), sintering, and the loss of catalytic active phase.

Supported metal catalysts are commonly used in industrial processes. Examples include nickel at high concentration and low dispersion and palladium at a low metal concentration and high dispersion. Both catalysts enable high conversion and selectivity in reforming reactions, gasoline pyrolysis, and hydrogenation processes. However, these catalysts are prone to deactivation due to coke formation and presence of gums in the load. Coke is deposited preferentially on the metal sites during hydrogenation reactions while gum is deposited on both metal sites and support resulting in rapid catalyst. Thus, it is important to investigate catalyst deactivation on an industrial scale concerning the extent of deactivation, as well as explore possible strategies for regenerat...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of contents
• Preface
• Nomenclature
• About the authors
• I Basic notions
• II Kinetics
• III Parameter estimation and experimental design
• IV Reactors
• V Deactivation
• VI Catalysis
• VII Practices
• References
• Subject index