Chapter One
You Married a What?
(Hosea 1â3)
Prophets sometimes do strange things. For three years, Isaiah embarrassed people by walking the streets dressed like a prisoner of war. For several months, Jeremiah carried a yoke on his shoulders. The prophet Ezekiel acted like a little boy and âplayed war,â and once he used a haircut as a theological object lesson. When his wife suddenly died, Ezekiel even turned that painful experience into a sermon.1
Why did these men do these peculiar things?
âThese peculiar thingsâ were really acts of mercy. The people of God had become deaf to Godâs voice and were no longer paying attention to His covenant. The Lord called His servants to do these strange thingsâthese âaction sermonsââin hopes that the people would wake up and listen to what they had to say. Only then could the nation escape divine discipline and judgment.
But no prophet preached a more painful âaction sermonâ than Hosea. He was instructed to marry a prostitute named Gomer, who subsequently bore him three children, and he wasnât even sure the last two children were fathered by him. Then Gomer left him for another man, and Hosea had the humiliating responsibility of buying back his own wife.
What was this all about? It was a vivid picture of what the people of Israel had done to their God by prostituting themselves to idols and committing âspiritual adultery.â Since Godâs people today face the same temptation (James 4:4), we need to heed what Hosea wrote for his people. Each of the persons in this dramaâHosea, Gomer, and the three childrenâteach us important spiritual lessons about the God whom Israel was disobeying and grieving.
THE CHILDREN: GOD IS GRACIOUS (1:1â2:1)
The times (1:1). Hosea names four kings of Judah and only one king of Israel, Jeroboam II. The kings of Judah, of course, belonged to Davidâs dynasty, the only dynasty the Lord accepted (1 Kings 11:36; 15:4). The kings of Israel were a wicked lot who followed the sins of Israelâs first king, Jeroboam I, and refused to repent and turn to God (2 Kings 13:6).
After Jeroboam II died, his son Zechariah reigned only six months and was assassinated by his successor, Shallum, who himself was assassinated after reigning only one month. Menahem reigned for ten years; his son Pekahiah ruled two years before being killed by Pekah, who was able to keep the throne for twenty years. He was slain by Hoshea, who reigned for ten years, the last of the kings of Israel. During his evil reign, the nation was conquered by Assyria, the Jews intermingled with the foreigners the Assyrians brought into the land, and the result was a mixed race known as the Samaritans.
What a time to be serving the Lord! Murder, idolatry, and immorality were rampant in the land, and nobody seemed to be interested in hearing the Word of the Lord! On top of that, God told His prophet to get married and raise a family!
The marriage (1:2). Here we meet a bit of a problem because not every Bible student agrees on the kind of woman Hosea married. Hosea either married a pure woman who later became a prostitute, or he married a prostitute who bore him three children.2
In the Old Testament, prostitution is symbolic of idolatry and unfaithfulness to God (Jer. 2â3; Ezek. 16; 23). Since the Jews were idolatrous from the beginning (Josh. 24:2â3, 14), it seems likely that Gomer would have to be a prostitute when she married Hosea, for this would best symbolize Israelâs relationship to the Lord. God called Israel in the idolatry; He âmarriedâ them at Mount Sinai when they accepted His covenant (Ex. 19â21); and then He grieved over them when they forsook Him for the false gods of the land of Canaan. Like Gomer, Israel began as an idolater, âmarriedâ Jehovah, and eventually returned to her idolatry.
If Hosea had married a pure woman who later became unfaithful, âwife of whoredomsâ in 1:2 has to mean âa wife prone to harlotry who will commit it laterâ but this seems to be a strained reading of the verse.3 But could God ask His faithful servant to marry a defiled woman? Why not? We might as well ask, âCould God permit Ezekielâs wife to die?â Though marrying a prostitute might not be the safest step to take, such marriages were forbidden only to priests (Lev. 21:7). Salmon married Rahab the harlot, who became the great-grandmother of King David and an ancestress of Jesus Christ (Matt. 1:4â5).
The names (1:3â9). As with Isaiahâs two sons (Isa. 7:3; 8:3), and numerous other people in Scripture, Gomerâs three children were given meaningful names selected by the Lord.
The first child, a son, was called Jezreel (Hos. 1:4â5), which means âGod sowsâ or âGod scatters.â Jezreel was a city in the tribe of Isaachar, near Mount Gilboa, and is associated with the drastic judgment that Jehu executed on the family of Ahab (2 Kings 9â10; and see 1 Kings 21:21â24). So zealous was Jehu to purge the land of Ahabâs evil descendants that he murdered far more people than the Lord commanded, including King Ahaziah of Judah and forty-two of his relatives (2 Kings 9:27â10:14).
Through the birth of Hoseaâs son, God announced that He would avenge the innocent blood shed by Jehu and put an end to Jehuâs dynasty in Israel. This was fulfilled in 752 BC when Zechariah was assassinated, the great-great-grandson of Jehu and the last of his dynasty to reign. God also announced that the whole kingdom of Israel would come to an end with the defeat of her army, which occurred in 724 BC.
The second child was a daughter named Lo-ruhamah (Hos. 1:6â7), which means âunpitiedâ or ânot loved.â God had loved His people and proved it in many ways, but now He would withdraw that love and no longer show them mercy. The expression of Godâs love is certainly unconditional, but our enjoyment of that love is conditional and depends on our faith and obedience. (See Deut. 7:6â12; 2 Cor. 6:14â7:1.) God would allow the Assyrians to swallow up the northern kingdom, but He would protect the southern kingdom of Judah (Isa. 36â37; 2 Kings 19).
Lo-ammi (Hos. 1:8â9) was the third child, a son, and his name means ânot My people.â Not only would God remove His mercy from His people, but He would also renounce the covenant He had made with them. It was like a man divorcing his wife and turning his back on her, or like a father rejecting his own son (see Ex. 4:22; Hos. 11:1).
The new names (1:10â2:1). Here is where the grace of God comes in, for God will one day change these names.4 âNot my peopleâ will become âMy people,â and âunlovedâ will become âMy loved one.â These new names reflect the nationâs new relationship to God, for all of them will be âthe sons of the living God.â5 Judah and Israel will unite as one nation and will submit to Godâs ruler, and the centuriesâ old division will be healed.
Instead of âJezreelâ being a place of slaughter and judgment, it will be a place of sowing, where God will joyfully sow His people in their own land and cause them to prosper. Today, the Jews are sown throughout the Gentile world (Zech. 10:9), but one day God will plant them in their own land and restore to them their glory. As God promised to Abraham, Israel will become like the sand on the seashore (Gen. 22:17).
When will these gracious promises be fulfilled for the Jews? When they recognize their Messiah at His return, trust Him, and experience His cleansing (Zech. 12:10â13:1). Then they will enter into their kingdom, and the promises of the prophets will be fulfilled (Isa. 11â12; 32; 35; Jer. 30â31; Ezek. 37; Amos 9:11â15).
The three children teach us about the grace of God. Now weâll consider the lesson that Gomer teaches us.
GOMER: GOD IS HOLY (2:2â13)
Hosea is preeminently the prophet of love, but unlike some teachers today, he doesnât minimize the holiness of God. Weâre told that âGod is loveâ (1 John 4:8, 16), but weâre also reminded that âGod is light, and in him is no darkness at allâ (1:5). Godâs love is a holy love, not a sentimental feeling that condones sin and pampers sinners.
The prophet focuses on three particular sins: idolatry (spiritual a...