Sustainable Rainwater Harvesting and Groundwater Recharge in Developing Countires/NAM S Cen

Ariyananda, Tanuja N

• Publisher: Daya Publishing House
• Year: 2021
• eBook ISBN: 9789351301752

Rainwater harvesting is a technique for accumulating and storing of rainwater channelised to flow to the ponds, lakes and over- and underground storage places, which can be used not only to recharge the groundwater, but also to provide drinking water, for irrigation, livestock as well as other typical uses given to water. The rainwater is collected from various hard surfaces such as roof tops and/or other types of manmade above ground hard surfaces. Rainwater harvesting also aids in keeping the village roads from getting slushy during the rains and maintaining the transport mobility mobility and prevent flooding in some urban areas. The Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre) implemented a multilateral collaborative project on 'Sustainable Rainwater Harvesting and Ground Water Recharge in Developing Countries - HRD and Technology Transfer' which was partially supported by the Group of 77 (G77) under its Perez-Guerrero Trust Fund PGTF). The three year project was an integrated effort on Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) and Ground Water Recharge (GWR) as a model solution to solve the water shortage problem in conventional water supply systems in the developing countries. The prime objective of the Project was capacity building through HRD and technology transfer by executing two major components, viz. preparing a State-of-the-Art Report to help professionals in planning and modifying water conservation and supply schemes, and holding a centralised Training Programme for professionals from developing countries engaged in implementing relevant schemes to empower them to organize national level training courses for water technicians This Publication is based on the material and country status papers compiled to prepare the State-of-the-Art Report as indicated above, and includes four sections. Section-I contains the introductory articles and some relevant photographs; Section-II is the major portion of the publication that reveals the status of 17 developing countries on RWH and GWR practices, successful models and case studies; Section-III gives information exclusively on RWH & GWR practices in Rural Areas through a manual; and Section-IV comprises two important parts viz., 'Trainers Manual' to help professionals with its detailed technical specifications on drawings, designs and mechanisms of urban RWH & GWR systems and the RWH Guide for common people to learn and implement simple models on their own. The book has been jointly edited by Dr. Tanuja N. Ariyananda, Director, Lanka Rainwater Harvesting Forum, Sri Lanka; Mr. Vasant Takalkar IFS, Consultant, Maharashtra Knowledge Corporation Ltd. (MKCL) Pune, India. Mr. A.R. Shivakumar, Principal Investigator, RWH, Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology (KSCST), Bangalore, India. It is hoped that this publication would be a useful resource material for the engineers, researchers, experts and practitioners interested in water management in

Table of contents

• SECTION – 1: INTRODUCTION
• (I) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• -Tanuja N. Ariyananda
• 1.1. CHANGE IN THE WATER CYCLE
• 1.2. RAINWATER HARVESTING
• 1.3. SUMMARY OF COUNTRY STATUS REPORTS ON SUSTAINABLE RAINWATER HARVESTING AND GROUND WATER RECHARGE
• 1.4. RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE RWH AND GWR FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• (II) INTRODUCTION
• - Arun P. Kulshreshtha
• SECTION – 2: COUNTRY STATUS REPORTS
• - Editor: Tanuja N. Ariyananda
• BOTSWANA (Jackson Ndiwa Aliwa)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1 Country Profile: Population, people, Topography, Geography
• 1.2 Climate and Rainfall: Temperature, Rainfall, Seasonal Variation
• 1.3 Water Supply and Water Demand:
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Rainwater Harvesting Practices
• 2.2 Types of Rainwater Harvesting Practiced
• 3. R&D IN RWH EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 Research &Development in Rainwater Harvesting
• 3.2 Institutional Arrangements in Rainwater Harvesting
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE ARTICIPATION
• 4.1 Socio-economic aspects of Rainwater Harvesting
• 4.2 Awareness Raising and Education
• 4.3 Community Mobilization
• 4.4 Importance of Proper Operation and Maintenance
• 4.5 Feasibility of Rainwater Systems
• 4.6 Affordability, Loans and Subsidies
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1 Role of Rainwater Harvesting in Water Policy
• 5.2 Rainwater Harvesting and Culture
• 6. CASE STUDIES
• 6.1 Botswana Technology Centre (BOTEC)
• 6.2 The Department of Water Affairs
• CAMBODIA (A.M. Phirum)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1 Country Profile
• 1.2 Climate.
• 1.3 Water Supply and Water Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2.1 Traditional
• 3. R&D IN RWH EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 Institutional Mechanism
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1 Socio-economic Aspect of Rainwater Harvesting
• 4.2 Community Participation
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1 Role of Rainwater Harvesting in Water Policy
• 5.2 Rainwater Harvest and Culture:
• 6. CASE STUDY
• 7. CONCLUSION
• EGYPT (Hany Ramadan & Badr M. A. Mabrouk)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1 Country Profile Geography, Population, people
• 1.2 Climate
• 1.3 Agriculture
• 1.4 Water Resources
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING (RWH) PRACTICES
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Water Harvesting Systems
• 3. GROUND WATER RECHARGE (R&D) AND RWH EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 Groundwater Occurrence in Egypt
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1 Socioeconomic Aspects
• 4.2 Training
• 4.3 The Community Participation
• 4.4 Operation and Maintenance
• 4.5 Socio-economic Factors
• 4.6 Rainwater Harvesting and Culture
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1 The Need for IWRM and Challenges for the Future
• 5.2 National Strategies for Water and Agriculture
• 6. CASE STUDIES
• 6.1 Northwest Coast Region
• 6.2 Case Study: Nile Basin
• INDIA (Vasant Takalkar, Jyoti Panase, U. M. Paranjpe, Vikas Kharage & Shashank Deshpande)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1 Country Profile
• 1.2 Climate and Rainfall
• 1.3 Water Supply and Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTED PRACTICES
• 2.1 Types of Rainwater Harvesting Practices
• 3. R&D IN RWH EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 Need for Rainwater Harvesting in India
• 3.2 Research & Development in Rainwater Harvesting
• 3.3 Institutional Arrangements in Rainwater Harvesting
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1 Community Participation
• 4.2 Feasibility of RWH System (Technical and Financing)
• 4.3 Cost Benefit Analysis
• 4.4 Affordability, Loans and Subsidies:
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1 Role of Rainwater Harvesting in Water Policy
• 5.2 Rainwater Harvesting and Ground Water Recharge Play Key Role in the Water Policy
• 6. CASE STUDIES:
• 6.1 Jalkund
• 6.2 Harvesting Rain on Campus
• 6.3 Continuous Contour Trenching (CCT) - A Sustainable Approach to Rainwater Harvesting
• 6.4 Rainwater Harvesting’ and ‘Ground Water Recharge’ for the Factory at Moshi, Pune
• 6.5 R.W.H Scenario in City
• 6.6 Groundwater Irrigation – Perspectives and Challenges for Food Security in Maharashtra
• INDONESIA (Iskandar Zulkarnain)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1 Country Profile
• 1.2 Climate and Rainfall
• 1.3 Water Supply and Water Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2.1 Traditional and Informal
• 2.2 Modern and Formal
• 2.3 Types of Rainwater Harvesting Practised
• 3. R&D IN RAINWATER HARVESTING EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 R&D Efforts in the Country and Successful Models
• 3.2 R&D Gaps
• 3.3 Institutional Arrangements in Rainwater Harvesting
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1 Community Participation
• 4.2 Community Mobilization
• 4.3 Awareness-raising and Education
• 4.4 Training, Quality Control and Good Management
• 4.5 Operation and Maintenance
• 4.6 Feasibility of RWH Systems
• 4.7 Cost-Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1 Role of Rainwater Harvesting in Water Policy
• 5.2 Rainwater Harvesting and Culture
• IRAN (M. Molanejad)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATION
• 1.1 Country Profile: Geography, Population, People
• 1.2 Climate
• 1.3 Water Supply and Water Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2.1 Traditional Water Harvesting Systems
• 3. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 4. CONCLUSIONS AND REMARKS
• KENYA (Urbanus N. Mutwiwa & E. K. Mwangi)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1 Country Profile
• 1.2 Climate and Rainfall
• 1.3 Water Supply and Water Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2.1 Rainwater Harvesting Methods
• 2.2 Types of Rainwater Harvesting Practiced
• 3. R&D IN RAINWATER HARVESTING EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 R&D Efforts in the Country and Successful Models
• 3.2 R&D Gaps Identified
• 3.3 Institutional Arrangements in Rainwater Harvesting
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1 Community Participation
• 4.2 Feasibility of RWH Systems (Technical, Financial)
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1 Role of Rainwater Harvesting in Water Policy
• 5.2 Rainwater Harvesting and Culture
• MALAWI (Darwin Dodoma Singa)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1 Country Profile
• 1.2 Climate
• 1.3 Water Supply and Water Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Types of Rainwater Harvesting Practised
• 3. R&D IN RAINWATER HARVESTING EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 Research and Development in Rainwater Harvesting
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 6. CASE STUDY
• MAURITIUS (Dhaneshwar Deepchand)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1 Country Profile
• 1.2 Climate and Rainfall
• 1.3 Water Supply and Water Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2.1 Rainwater Harvesting Practices
• 3. R&D IN RWH EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 Research and Development
• 3.2 Institutional Arrangements in Rainwater Harvesting
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• MYANMAR (Kyaw Moe Aung)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1 Country Profile
• 1.2 Climate, Temperature and Rainfall
• 1.3 Water Supply and Water Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES AND GROUNDWATER UTILIZATION
• 2.1 Rainwater Harvesting Practices
• 2.2 Rainwater Harvesting by Catchment System
• 2.3 Rain-fed Ponds
• 2.4 Dug Wells
• 2.5 Tube Well
• 3. R &D IN RAINWATER HARVESTING EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 Water Use Condition in Study Area
• 3.2 Institutional Arrangement
• 4. SOCIO –ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1 Socio Economic Aspects of Rainwater Harvesting
• 4.2 Cost-benefit and Cost-effectiveness Analysis
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1 Roles of Rainwater Harvesting in Water Policy
• 6. CASE STUDY
• NEPAL (Thakur Prasad Pandit)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1 Country Profile
• 1.2 Climate and Rainfall
• 1.3 Water Supply and Water Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2.1 Types of Rainwater Harvesting Practiced
• 3. R&D IN RAINWATER HARVESTING EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 R&D in Rainwater Harvesting: Potential for RWH in Nepal
• 3.2 Institutional Arrangements in Rainwater Harvesting
• 3.3 Key Actors Involved in Rainwater Harvesting
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1 Socio-Economic Aspects of Rainwater Harvesting Projects
• 4.2 Community Acceptance and Willingness to Pay For
• 4.3 Community Affordability
• 4.4 Technology Chosen
• 4.5 Community Participation
• 4.6 Feasibility of RWH Systems (Technical, Financial)
• 4.7 Socio-economic Feasibility Assessment
• 4.8 Technical Feasibility Assessment
• 5. ROLE OF RAINWATER HARVESTING IN WATER POLICY.
• 5.1 National Plan and Policy for WATSAN Sector
• 5.2 Working Policies and Strategies for Development of RWH Sub-sector
• SRI LANKA (Tanuja N. Ariyananda)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATION
• 1.1 Country Profile
• 1.2 Climate and Rainfall
• 1.3. Water Supply and Water Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2. 1. Traditional and Informal
• 2.2. Modern and Formal
• 2.2 Types of Rainwater Harvesting Practiced
• 3. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN RWH EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 R&D in Rainwater Harvesting
• 3.2. R&D Gaps Identified
• 3.3 Institutional Arrangements in Rainwater Harvesting
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1. Community Participation
• 4.2. Importance of Proper Operation and Maintenance
• 4.3 Feasibility of RWH Systems (Technical, Financial)
• 4.4 Cost-benefit and Cost-effectiveness Analysis
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1 Role of Rainwater Harvesting in Water Policy
• 5.2 Rainwater Harvesting and Culture
• 6. CASE STUDIES
• 6.1. Institutional
• 6.2 Commercial
• 6.3. Industrial
• SOUTH AFRICA (G.T. Tengbeh)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1. Country Profile:
• 1.2. Climate and Rainfall
• 1.3 Water Supply and Water Demand.
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING (RWH) PRACTICES
• 3. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN RWH EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION.
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• TANZANIA (Joel Nobert Kirway)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.2 Climate and Rainfall
• 1.3. Water Supply and Water Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2.1. Traditional and Informal
• 2.2. Modern and Formal
• 3. R&D IN RAINWATER HARVESTING EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1. R&D in Rainwater Harvesting
• 3.2. The R&D Gaps Identified
• 3.3. Institutional Arrangements in Rainwater Harvesting
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1. Community Participation
• 4.2. Community Mobilization
• 4.3. Awareness-Raising and Education
• 4.4. Importance of Training, Quality Control and Good Management
• 4.5. Affordability, Loans and Subsidies
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1. Role of Rainwater Harvesting in Water Policy
• 6. CASE STUDIES
• UGANDA (Henry Bazira)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1: Country Profile
• 1.2. Climate, Rainfall and Drainage (Catchment) in Uganda
• 1.3. Water Supply and Demand
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 3. R&D IN RAINWATER HARVESTING EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1. Research and Development
• 3.2. Institutional Arrangements in Rainwater Harvesting
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1. Socio-economic Aspects of Rainwater Harvesting
• 4.2. Technological Development of Rainwater Harvesting
• 4.3. People Participation
• 4.4. Community Mobilisation, Awareness-raising and Education on Rainwater Harvesting
• 4.5. Feasibility of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) systems
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1. Policy and Legal Framework
• 5.2. Rainwater Harvesting and Culture
• 6. CASE STUDIES
• 7. CONCLUSIONS
• 8. RECOMMENDATIONS
• VIETNAM (Nguyen Minh Khuyen)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1. Country Profile
• 1.2 Climate
• 1.3. Water resources
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2.1 Rainwater Harvesting in Rural Areas
• 3. R&D IN RAINWATER HARVESTING EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1 Research & Development
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1. Community Participation
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1. Role of Rainwater Harvesting in Water Policy
• ZAMBIA (John Lukonde Chongo)
• 1. SURVEY AND SITUATIONS
• 1.1. Country Profile
• 1.2 Climate and Rainfall
• 1.3 Water Supply and Demand
• 1.4. Water Demand by Sectors
• 1.5. Water Supply Coverage
• 1.6. Water Quality
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING PRACTICES
• 2.1 Traditional and Informal
• 2.2. Modern and Formal
• 2.3 Types of Rainwater Harvesting Practiced
• 3. R&D IN RWH EXERCISING MECHANISMS
• 3.1. R&D in Rainwater Harvesting
• 3.2 R&D Gaps Identified
• 3.3. Institutional Arrangements in Rainwater Harvesting
• 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE PARTICIPATION
• 4.1. Socio- Economic Aspects of Rainwater Harvesting
• 4.2. Community Mobilisation, Awareness Raising and Education
• 4.3. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) on RWH
• 4.4. Importance of Training, Quality Control and Good Management
• 4.5. Benefit-Cost Analysis
• 4.6. Financing of RWH
• 5. POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.1 Role of Rainwater Harvesting in Water Policy
• 5.2. Rainwater Harvesting and Culture
• 6. CASE STUDIES
• 7. CONCLUSIONS
• SECTION – 3: RAINWATER HARVESTING AND GROUND WATER RECHARGE MANUAL FOR RURAL AREAS
• Vasant Takalkar
• 1. INTRODUCTION
• 2. RAINWATER HARVESTING STRATEGY
• 3. WATER BALANCE STUDY
• 4. PRINCIPLES OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
• 5. IN-SITU SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
• 6. WATER HARVESTING IN STREAMS
• 7. ANNEXURE
• SECTION – 4: TRAINERS MANUAL AND RWH GUIDE
• A.R. Shivakumar
• (I) TRAINERS MANUAL
• 1. Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting Trainers Manual
• 2. Techniques of Rainwater Harvesting
• 3. Design and Plan for RWH
• 4. Estimate (MKS) Schedule of Rates 2009-2010 Government of Karnataka
• 5. Drawings of RWH
• 6. General Maintenance for RWH
• 7. RWH Do’s and Dont’s
• 8. Questionnaire for Rainwater Harvesting Installation
• (II) RWH GUIDE
• 1. Introduction
• Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting
• 2. Who can harvest rainwater and where?
• Need for Rainwater Harvesting
• 3. Methods
• Water Harvesting potential
• 4. Rainwater Harvesting in Urban Context (Bangalore)
• 5. Rainfall Data (100 years average)
• 6. Rainwater Harvesting for Domestic Use
• 7. Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
• Process of Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
• 1. Collection
• 2. Channeling
• 3. Filtration
• a. Sand Bed Filter
• b. PopUp Filter
• c. Stabilisation Tank
• 4. Storage
• a. Storage Capacity
• b. Collection Surface
• c. Usage Pattern
• d. Rainfall Pattern
• 8. Residential Rainwater Harvesting System
• Rainwater Potential in liters per year
• Rainwater Harvesting Storage Facility and Capacity
• Groundwater Storage
• Recharge Gallery
• Cost of Rainwater Harvesting
• Rainwater Harvesting for Those Who Do Not have Proper Roof
• Illustrations of Rainwater Harvesting at Residential Buildings
• 9. Groundwater Recharge
• Used Plastic Barrels
• Direct Recharge through Openwells and Borewells
• Infiltration Gallery for Large Buildings
• Groundwater Recharge from Stormwater Drain
• How to Build Infiltration Gallery?
• Rainwater Harvesting from Roads
• Parks and Open Spaces
• Layouts
• 10. Quality of Harvested Rainwater
• 11. Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
• 12. Eco-friendly House – A Case Study
• 13. Water Purification by using Silver Metal
• ANNEXURES
• CVs OF PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTORS
• Tanuja N. Ariyananda
• Vasant Takalkar
• A. R. Shivakumar
• Authors of Country Reports