Petroleum Geochemistry

Satyanarayana, D

• Publisher: Daya Publishing House
• Year: 2021
• eBook ISBN: 9789383048502
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Chemistry
• Index: Chemistry

The book on Petroleum Geochemistry the first of its kind in India, is useful for postgraduate students of Science (Geology, Applied Geology, Geophysics, Earth Sciences) and undergraduate students of Engineering and Technology (BE, B.Tech.) undertaking several courses in petroleum science and engineering in the Universities, IIT's and other Institutions. It is also useful to geoscientists, engineers and technologists working in the oil industries dealing with exploration, production and related aspects. The book provides basic information on geochemical processes involved in petroleum generation, migration and accumulation in sedimentary basins, maturation of source rocks, evaluation of their genetic potential and correlations. It deals with the principles and applications of sub-surface geochemical methods including high resolution geochemical technologies for delineation of hydrocarbon kitchens and surface geochemical prospecting of hydrocarbons for prioritising targets for future exploration. In addition to basic principles, the book deals with the occurrence and distribution of petroleum in worldwide sedimentary basins with special reference to Indian basins, geochemical basin modeling and its application to petroleum exploration, application of biomarkers and modern instrumental techniques for characterisation of organic matter in source rocks and identification of their depositional environments. Applications of oil field waters and their role in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations, implications of scale formation and corrosion on drilling equipment and other installations are described comprehensively. Apart from conventional oil and natural gas the need for exploration and exploitation of unconventional petroleum resources such as Coal bed methane (CBM), Gas hydrates, Bituminous sands, Shale gas and Oil shale, Basinal gas and Tight gas sands, their origin, occurrence, characterisation of depositional environments, exploration and production strategies, environmental concerns and worldwide distribution with special emphasis to India are elaborated in detail.

Table of contents

• Acknowledgements
• Foreword
• Preface
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Composition and Properties of Petroleum
• 2.1. Saturated Hydrocarbons
• 2.2. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• 2.3. Compounds with Hetero (NSO) Atoms
• 2.4. Natural Gases
• 2.5. Physical Properties of Crude Oils
• 2.6. Thermal Alteration of Oil in the Reservoir
• 2.7. Classification of Crude Oils
• 3.ccurrence of Petroleum in Sedimentary Basins
• 3.1. Definition of a Sedimentary Basin
• 3.2. Classification of Indian Petroliferous Sedimentary Basins
• 3.3. Cambay Basin
• 3.4. Mumbai Offshore Basin
• 3.5. Krishna–Godavari (K–G) Basin
• 3.6. Cauvery Basin
• 3.7. Assam-Arakan Basin
• 3.8. Rajasthan Basin
• 4. Origin of Petroleum
• 4.1. Inorganic (abiogenic) Theory
• 4.2. Organic (biogenic) Theory
• 4.3. Conclusion
• 5. Hydrocarbon Generation, Migration and Accumulation in Sedimentary Basins
• 5.1. The Carbon Cycle
• 5.2. Genesis of Petroleum
• 5.3. Migration and Accumulation of Hydrocarbons
• 5.4. Mechanism of Primary Migration
• 5.5. Secondary Migration
• 5.6. Accumulation and its Efficiency
• 6. Geochemical Methods in Petroleum Exploration
• 6.1. Isolation of Kerogen and Bitumen
• 6.2. Petrographic Methods
• 6.3. Geochemical Methods
• 6.4. Stable Isotope Analysis
• 6.5. Rock-Eval Pyrolysis Method
• 6.6. Time–Temperature Index (TTI)
• 6.7. Level of Organic Metamorphism (LOM)
• 6.8. Correlation Between Geochemical and Petrographic Techniques
• 7. Source Rock Evaluation and Correlations
• 7.1. Principles of Source Rock Evaluation
• 7.2. Interpretation of Source Rock Data
• 7.3. Quantitative Volumetric Estimation of Source Rock Hydrocarbons in a Basin 189
• 7.4. Oil-oil and Oil-Source Rock Correlations
• 7.5. Alteration Processes of Crude Oil Composition
• 7.6. Oil-oil Correlations
• 7.7. Oil-Source Rock Correlations
• 7.8. Correlation Parameters for Gases
• 7.9. Case Studies
• 8. Surface Geochemical Prospecting of Hydrocarbons
• 8.1. Seepages
• 8.2. Surface Geochemical Prospecting
• 8.3. Categories of Surface Geochemical Methods
• 9. Hydro Geochemistry of Oil Field Waters
• 9.1. Types and Definitions of Oil Field Waters
• 9.2. Classification of Oilfield Waters
• 9.3. Physical Properties of Oil Field Waters
• 9.4. Chemical Composition of Oil Field Waters
• 9.5. Origin and Evolution
• 9.6. Genetic Relation to Evaporites
• 9.7. Patterns and Significance of Salinity Distribution
• 9.8. Role of Oil Field Waters in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Operations 246
• 9.9. Oil Degradation in the Reservoir
• 10. Organic Geochemistry and Analytical Techniques
• 10.1. Biomarkers
• 10.2. Specific Biomarkers
• 10.3. Use of Biomarkers
• 10.4. Analytical Techniques in Petroleum Exploration
• 10.5. Column Chromatography
• 10.6. Gas Chromatography (GC)
• 10.7. Mass Spectrometry
• 10.8. Spectroscopic Methods
• 10.9. Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)
• 11. Geochemical Basin Modeling: Application to Petroleum Exploration
• 11.1. Integrated Models of Hydrocarbon System
• 11.2. Qualitative Models of Hydrocarbon System
• 11.3. Quantitative Geochemical Models
• 11.4. Mathematical Model of Kerogen Degradation and Hydrocarbon Generation
• 11.5. Application of the Model to Petroleum Exploration
• 12. Unconventional Petroleum Resources
• 12.1. Typical Unconventional Petroleum Systems
• 12.2. Basinal (Deep) Gas (Tight Gas) Sands
• 12.3. Shale Gas
• 12.4. Oil Shale
• 12.5. Bituminous (Tar) Sands
• 12.6. Coal Bed Methane (CBM)
• 12.7. Gas Hydrates
• 12.8. Stability of Gas Hydrates
• 12.9. Detection of Gas Hydrates
• 12.10. Distribution of Gas Hydrates
• Appendices
• References
• Bibliography
• Author Index
• Subject Index