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About this book
The book entitled "Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change" contains ten chapters in which different approaches to combat recent challenges of yield stagnation, nutrient depletion and resource degradation to feed nation burgeoning population. Chapter 1 deals with how to achieve household food, nutritional and livelihood security through agricultural interventions like knowledge management in agriculture, integrated plant nutrient supply system approach, opportunities of organic farming, role of biotechnology in sustainable crop production, bio-fortification of crops. Chapter 2 describes recent trends in rural agriculture development. Chapter 3 focused on various types of production system for achieving sustainable development. Chapter 4 suggests scientific urban wastes management in agriculture to over come challenges of waste disposal in our daily lives Chapter 5 discusses the global climate change and mitigating strategies for sustainable crop production in scientific manner to aware the people in relation to weather and crops. Various efforts to over come the adverse impact of climate change have also been described. Chapter 6 deals and details about impact of rising temperature and restoring climate order for sustainable food security and soil health. The carbon sequestration, biological management of soil fertility and adoption of recommended agricultural practices are also advised. Chapter 7 deals the most advanced and sophisticated technologies like precision farming for natural resource management and sustainable crop production. Chapter 8 highlights various concept and methodology of resource conservation technology for sustainable food security without degrading natural base besides improving soil health. In the chapter 9 different scientific advancement in nutrient management for sustainable agriculture has been compiled to benefits of researchers, students and progressive farmers. In the chapter 10 principals and practices of organic farming has been discussed. Some important information's regarding nutrient content, sources and calculations of fertilizers are given in appendices. Different abbreviations used in the text of different chapters for easy under standing to the readers are also given in manuscript.
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Table of contents
- Preface
- Abbreviations Used in the Text
- 1. Household Food, Nutritional and Livelihood Security through Agricultural Interventions
- 1.1 Household Food, Nutritional and Livelihood Security-Definition and Concept
- 1.2 Knowledge Management (KM) in Agriculture
- 1.3 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply System (IPNS) Approach
- 1.4 Opportunities for Organic Farming (OF)
- 1.4.1 Organic Inputs
- 1.5 Role of Biotechnology in Sustainable Crop Production and Food Security
- 1.6 Efficient Use of Renewable and Non-renewable Inputs in Agriculture
- 1.7 Nutrient Management (NM)
- 1.8 Good Quality Seeds/Planting Materials (Genetic Materials)
- 1.9 Use of Precision Farming (PF)
- 1.10 Information Technology and Computer (IT &C) in Agriculture
- 1.11 Soil Resource Management (SRM)
- 1.12 Bio-fortification of Crops
- 1.13 Policy issues
- 1.14 Conclusions
- 1.15 References
- 2. Rural Agriculture Development for Food and Nutritional Security
- 2.1 Assuring Food Security
- 2.1.1 Increase Agricultural Output Worldwide
- 2.1.2 Reduce Poverty
- 2.1.3 Improve Health and Nutrition
- 2.2 Past Progress and Outlook
- 2.3 Encouraging Appropriate Policies and Strategies
- 2.4 Enhancing Food Supplies through Intensification of Production Systems and Through Sound Natural Resources Management
- 2.4.1 Encouraging Rapid Technological Change
- 2.4.2 Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigation
- 2.4.3 Improving Natural Resource Management (NRM)
- 2.4.4 Improving Access to Food
- 2.4.5 Improving Food Utilization
- 2.5 Conclusions
- 2.6 References
- 2.7 Websites
- 3. Agricultural Production Based Food Securities
- 3.1 Various Types of Production Systems
- 3.1.1 Crop Production Systems
- 3.1.2 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Based Production System
- 3.1.3 Vegetable Based Production System
- 3.1.4 Fruit Based Production System
- 3.1.5 Ornamental Plants Based Production Systems
- 3.2 Forest Based Production System
- 3.3 Livestock and Dairy system
- 3.4 Future Policy Review Point for Production Based Livelihood
- 3.5 Key References
- 4. Urban Wastes Management in Agriculture
- 4.1 The Urban Waste Challenge
- 4.2 Recycling of Urban Organic Waste for Urban Agriculture
- 4.3 Benefits and Constraints
- 4.4 Composting & Vermiculture: The Environmentally and Economically Sustainable Solution from Urban Waste
- 4.5 Ecofriendly Management
- 4.6 Scientific Waste Management
- 4.6.1 Use of Industrial and Urban Wastes in Agriculture
- 4.6.2 Solid Wastes Management
- 4.6.3 Air Pollution
- 4.6.4 Environmental Indicators
- 4.6.5 Crop and Soil Ecology
- 4.6.6 Sustainable Land Use Systems
- 4.6.7 Biofuels
- 4.6.8 Bio-medical Composting
- 4.6.9 Wastewater Use in Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture and its Contribution to Food Security
- 4.7 Restoring Degraded Soils in India using Urban Wastes
- 4.8 Applications
- 4.9 Concentration Not to Exceed
- 4.10 Neutralizing Industrial Waste with Worms
- 4.11 Salient Achievements
- 4.12 References
- 4.13 Other References Consulted
- 5. Climate Change and Mitigating Strategies for Sustainable Crop Production
- 5.1 Factors Responsible for Climate Change
- 5.1.1 Due to Geo-ecological Events
- 5.1.2 Due to Man Kind Intervention
- 5.2 Efforts to Overcome the Impact of Climate Change
- 5.2.1 What Can We Do?
- 5.3 References
- 6. Global Climate Change Impact and Restoring Climate Order for Sustainable Food Security and Soil Health
- 6.1 Global Climate Change Impact
- 6.2 Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Systems
- 6.3 Climate Change and Water
- 6.4 Tactics for Restoring Climate Order and Saving Living Planet-The Earth
- 6.5 Carbon Sequestration (CS)
- 6.6 Adoption of Recommended Agricultural Practices (RAPs)
- 6.7 Land Uses Practices
- 6.8 Crop Rotations
- 6.9 Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM)
- 6.10 Biological Management of Soil Fertility
- 6.11 Role of Biodiversity
- 6.12 Resources Conserving Technologies (RCTs)
- 6.13 Future Line of Work
- 6.14 Key References and Resources
- 7. Precision Farming for Natural Resource Management (NRM) and Sustainable Crop Production
- 7.1 Definition of Precision Agriculture
- 7.2 Concept of Precision Farming
- 7.2.1 Assessing Variability
- 7.2.2 Managing Variability
- 7.3 Technology Used for Precision Farming
- 7.3.1 Mapping
- 7.3.2 Manual Mapping during Field Operations
- 7.3.3 Remote Sensing
- 7.3.4 Geographic Information System (GIS)
- 7.3.5 Global Positioning System (GPS)
- 7.3.6 Modeling
- 7.4 Commercialization of PF
- 7.5 Indian Perspective
- 7.6 Site Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) in Intensive Rice Systems in Asia
- 7.6.1 Major Components
- 7.6.2 Conditions where Precision N Management will be Profitable or Beneficial to the Environment
- 7.6.3 Conditions not Favouring Precision Nitrogen Management
- 7.7 References
- 8. Resource Conservation Technology for Sustainable Food Security
- 8.1 Conservation Agriculture (CA)
- 8.1.1 Goal of Conservation Agriculture
- 8.1.2 Characteristics of Conservation Agriculture
- 8.1.3 What is not Conservation Agriculture
- 8.1.4 Conservation Tillage
- 8.1.5 Direct Planting/Seeding
- 8.1.6 Organic Farming
- 8.1.7 Is CA compatible with IPM
- 8.1.8 What is the role of Animal Husbandry in Conservation Agriculture
- 8.1.9 What are the Downsides of Conservation Agriculture
- 8.1.10 Benefits of Conservation Agriculture
- 8.1.11 Issues in Conservation Agriculture
- 8.1.12 Necessary Technologies are Often Unavailable
- 8.1.13 Is Conservation Agriculture Real
- 8.2 New Machines for Conservation Agriculture
- 8.2.1 Double Disc Coulters
- 8.2.2 Punch Planter/Star Wheel
- 8.2.3 Happy Seeder
- 8.2.4 Rotary Disk Drill (RDD)
- 8.3 RCTs in Reclaimed Alkali Soils
- 8.3.1 Immediate Objectives
- 8.3.2 Long-term Objectives
- 8.4 Resource Conserving Technologies–Potential Tools for Attaining Food, Nutritional and Livelihood Security
- 8.5 RCTs in Rice-Wheat System and Need for Conservation Agriculture
- 8.6 Laser Land Leveling
- 8.7 Resource Conservation Technologies in Wheat
- 8.7.1 Zero Tillage
- 8.7.2 Energy and Economics
- 8.7.3 Reduced/Minimum Tillage
- 8.7.4 Rotary Tillage
- 8.7.5 Bed Planting
- 8.7.6 Surface Seeding
- 8.7.7 Water Use and Savings Under Various Tillage Options
- 8.7.8 Eco-friendly Tillage Options
- 8.8 RCTs in Rice
- 8.8.1 Direct Wet Seeded Rice
- 8.8.2 Weed Management in Direct Seeded Rice
- 8.8.3 Leaf Colour Chart
- 8.9 References
- 9. Advances of Nutrient Management
- 9.1 Brief Reviews
- 9.2 Introduction
- 9.3 Organic Resources
- 9.3.1 Incorporation of Green Manure in Rice Field
- 9.3.2 Brown Manuring in Rice
- 9.3.3 Biofertilizers
- 9.3.4 Crop Residues
- 9.4 Management of Fertilizers
- 9.4.1 Nitrogen Fertilizers
- 9.4.2 Phosphorus Management
- 9.4.3 Potassium Management
- 9.4.4 Secondary and Micronutrients
- 9.5 Role of IPNS
- 9.5.1 Balanced Nutrition
- 9.5.2 Nutrient Removal
- 9.5.3 Fertiliser Application Techniques
- 9.5.4 Calculation of Profile Nitrogen Levels from Soil Test Values
- 9.5.5 N Fertiliser Application
- 9.6 A New Concept of Nutrient Management
- 9.6.1 The Right Practice at the Right Time
- 9.6.2 Site-Specific Nutrient Management
- 9.7 Tools for Farmers
- 9.8 Limitation
- 9.8.1 Small Land Holdings
- 9.8.2 Poor Infrastructure Facilities
- 9.8.3 Lack of Participatory Approach
- 9.8.4 Low Availability of Organic Resources
- 9.8.5 High Labour Demand
- 9.9 Future Strategies
- 9.9.1 Awareness
- 9.9.2 Attention for Major Components
- 9.9.3 Popularizing the Use of Biofertilizers
- 9.9.4 Soil Test Techniques
- 9.9.5 Promoting Various Approaches
- 9.9.6 Maximize Nutrient Use
- 9.10 References
- 10. Principals and Practices of Organic Farming
- 10.1 Concept and Definition of Organic Farming
- 10.2 Why Organic Farming ?
- 10.3 Benefits of Organic Farming
- 10.4 Principles of Organic Farming
- 10.5 Aims of Organic Farming
- 10.6 Organic Farming in India
- 10.7 Major Products of Organic Farming in India
- 10.8 Cultivation Techniques of Organic Farming
- 10.8.1 Nutrient Management
- 10.8.2 Use of Mulches
- 10.8.3 Use of Cover Crops
- 10.8.4 Adaptation of Crop Rotation/Intercropping
- 10.8.5 Irrigation Practices in Organic Forming
- 10.8.6 Weed Management
- 10.8.7 Plant Protection (Insect-pests and Disease Management)
- 10.9 Conclusions
- 10.10 References
- Appendices
- Index