1
Understand your IBS
In Step 1 you will learn:
⢠what causes an irritable bowel
⢠how your digestive system works and why it sometimes goes wrong
⢠the Seven Steps to a successful treatment.
Thereās a solution to your irritable bowel problems. And it might come as soon as today. But even if there are setbacks and disappointments and false trails followed and abandoned, in the end it will be beaten. With persistence you and this book together will find a solution.
Never doubt it.
If youāve already been to a doctor, or possibly several doctors, you may have been told you have IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) and that thereās no cure for it. You may have read the same in books or on the Internet. Well, thatās simply not true. How can I say that so confidently? I say it because IBS is not a disease. A syndrome is a collection of symptoms. Thatās all.
Being told you have IBS is only halfway between a description and a diagnosis. Itās as if you went to the doctor complaining of a recurring pain above your right eye and were told you had a headache.
Recurring headaches can have several causes and itās the same with an irritable bowel. Some of the causes of an irritable bowel are definitely curable and all of them are treatable. When we know more, the term āIBSā will probably disappear. In its place will be several defined conditions, some of which already have cures, while the rest will have cures one day.
The medical profession is in a state of flux over IBS. There are those who say IBS is quite specifically a loss of coordination in the muscles of the gut (which is why IBS is sometimes referred to as āspastic colonā or āirritable colonā). Others use IBS as an umbrella term to cover whatās left when other identifiable diseases have been eliminated. As a sufferer it doesnāt really matter to you what terminology is used. Youāre suffering discomfort, youāre in pain, youāre embarrassed, youāre worried, your life is being spoilt and you want the symptoms to go away, whatever the cause or causes (because several problems can sometimes act together). You want to be cured. And you can be.
Have I got IBS?
Many irritable bowel sufferers tell me they were relieved when they got a ādiagnosisā of IBS because at least they knew āwhat was wrongā. But, in reality, hearing that you have IBS is a long way from knowing whatās wrong. The problem with the phrase āirritable bowel syndromeā is that it makes something vague sound like something quite specific. IBS is not specific. Nevertheless, itās the term youāll hear again and again when dealing with the medical profession. So letās see how IBS is assessed.
Probably your doctor will use the Rome III criteria. These have nothing to do with Rome as a place but with the so-called Rome Foundation, a non-profit organization whose stated mission is specifically to improve the lives of people with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), of which IBS is said to be one. A ādiagnosisā of IBS under Rome III requires:
⢠recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort at least three days a month for at least the last three months
Plus two of the following:
⢠improvement in symptoms following defecation
⢠change in the frequency of defecation
⢠change in the appearance of the stools.
I prefer simply to talk of an irritable bowel because itās a vague term for a vague condition (or, rather, a large number of specific conditions that are all lumped together). However, when Iām discussing the work of researchers or other members of the medical profession Iāll use āIBSā because thatās the term they use. To see if you have an irritable bowel answer the following ten questions.
1 Do you experience bloating?
2 Do you have abdominal pain?
3 Is the pain worse after eating?
4 Is the urge to defecate sometimes embarrassingly urgent?
5 Is the pain relieved for a while after a bowel movement?
6 Do you feel as if evacuation of the bowel was incomplete?
7 Is there any blood or mucus in your stools?
8 Do you suffer from constipation or diarrhoea or both alternately? (Check with the Bristol Stool Scale Chart in Figure 1.1 below.)
9 Do you feel nauseous before or after bowel movements?
10 Do you suffer from any of the following: frequent headaches, fatigue, backache and muscular pains, poor appetite, quickly feeling full, belching, heartburn, frequent urination?
Figure 1.1 The Bristol Stool Scale Chart
Your score: ā
Questions 1 to 9 set out the predominant symptoms of an irritable bowel. Question 10 lists the less frequent symptoms. If you answered āyesā to all or most of those questions, then you have an irritable bowel. However, there are other specific conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD), that have the same or a very similar set of symptoms. Those conditions will need to be ruled out by your doctor.
Whatās included in this book?
The idea of this book is to be as comprehensive as possible. You have irritable bowel symptoms and you want them treated. It doesnāt matter if they have other names or what causes them. You want them sorted and, if possible, you want them cured.
If your irritable bowel is caused by any of the following or comes into any of the following categories, this book is for you:
⢠Intestinal spasms. The muscles of the small and large intestines donāt work in a smooth and coordinated manner. Food being digested doesnāt churn and advance as it should. The result is discomfort and pain.
⢠Dysbiosis. Too many ābadā bacteria and not enough āgoodā bacteria. Symptoms include bloating, gas and pain. Treatment is via probiotics (food and supplements containing āgoodā bacteria) and diet. (If the ābadā bacteria are Clostridium difficile (C. diff) and can not be cleared by antibiotics, then a faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) may be a cure.)
⢠Faulty transporters. A problem with the transporters that carry nutrients across the epithelium (gut lining) may mean that certain foods canāt be tolerated. Treatment is through diet.
⢠Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). SIBO means you have bacteria growing in a part of the gut that should be virtually sterile. The symptoms include gas and abdominal pain. Treatment is by diet alone, or together with a special antibiotic.
⢠Enzyme deficiency. Enzymes are catalysts ā thatās to say they speed up chemical reactions. Without the right enzymes your food will never be digested. Symptoms of deficiency include abdominal pain, bloating, gas and incompletely digested food in the stools.
⢠Lactose intolerance. An inability to digest lactose, a type of sugar mainly found in milk and dairy products. Symptoms include abdominal bloating, wind and diarrhoea. Lactose intolerance can be identified by a breath or blood test. Treatment is the avoidance of food or drink containing lactose.
⢠Gluten intolerance. Gluten is whatās known as a āprotein compositeā and is found in wheat, barley, rye and certain other members of the grass family. Intolerance produces the classic irritable bowel symptoms of bloating, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort or pain. Extreme sensitivity is known as coeliac disease. In 2016 another family of proteins in wheat and other grains was found to cause problems in susceptible individuals. Known as amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), these proteins can trigger powerful immune responses in the gut, provoking further problems in the lymph nodes, kidneys, spleen and brain.
⢠Food allergy or intolerance. For a variety of reasons you may not be able to cope with some of the foods that other people eat without problems. Lactose and gluten...