Healthcare Systems and Health Informatics

Using Internet of Things

Pawan Singh Mehra, Lalit Mohan Goyal, Arvind Dagur, Anshu Kumar Dwivedi

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2022
• Print ISBN: 9780367703943
• eBook ISBN: 9781000541489
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Computer Science General
• Index: Computer Science

This book covers the fundamentals of IoT and healthcare systems for carrying out system architectures, protocols, wearable devices, and interoperability. It explores major challenges in artificial intelligence (AI) and smart computing in resource-constrained IoT-based applications along with cost, energy efficiency, and the availability of quality service.

Healthcare Systems and Health Informatics: Using Internet of Things explores the role of AI and smart computing in health informatics and healthcare with an emphasis on clinical data management and analysis for precise prediction and prompt action. It presents cutting-edge tracking, monitoring, real-time assistance, and security for IoT in healthcare and broadly discusses wearable sensors and IoT devices and their role in smart living assistance. The book goes on to describe a system model and architecture for a clear picture of energy conservation–based IoT in healthcare and explains the challenges and opportunities with IoT-based healthcare industries. A study of the threats and impacts, along with the need for information security, is also included.

The chapters are written by experts in the field, and this book provides a comprehensive description of the important aspects of IoT and health from a beginner- to advanced-level perspective and is ideal for researchers, academicians, students, persons in industry, technologists, and entrepreneurs.

Unit 1Introduction to IoT-Based Healthcare Devices

1Internet of ThingsA Smart Technology for Healthcare Industries

Dhanabalan Thangam, Anil B. Malali, and Gopalakrishnan Subramanian

Department of Commerce and Management

Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies

Sumathy Mohan

Department of Commerce

Bharathiyar University

Jin Yong Park

Konkuk School of Business

Konkuk University

DOI: 10.1201/9781003146087-2

Contents

1. 1.1Introduction
2. 1.2Realising the Role of IoT in the Health Sector
3. 1.3Need for IoT in the Healthcare Industry
4. 1.3.1Fewer Patient Appointments and Medication Adherence
5. 1.3.2Slow Treatment Process and Delays in Hospital Discharges
6. 1.3.3Underfunding and Misplacement of Resources
7. 1.4Uses of IoT in Healthcare
8. 1.4.1Patients
9. 1.4.2Physicians
10. 1.4.3Hospitals
11. 1.4.4Health Insurance Companies
12. 1.5How IoT Works in the Healthcare Industry
13. 1.5.1Benefits of IoT in the Healthcare Industry
14. 1.5.2IoT Enhances the Capabilities of Preventive Medicine
15. 1.5.3Increased Mobility and Alertness of Hospital Staff
16. 1.5.4Accelerated Processing of Patient Data
17. 1.5.5Improved Drug Management and Better Adherence to Medicines
18. 1.5.6Reduced Risk of Error and Inaccuracy due to the Human Factor
19. 1.5.7Secure Data Transfer to Doctors
20. 1.6Shortcomings of IoT in the Healthcare Industry
21. 1.6.1Safety and Security
22. 1.6.2Risk of System Failure
23. 1.6.3Integration
24. 1.6.4Cost
25. 1.7Future of Healthcare with IoT Technology
26. 1.8Conclusions
27. References

Technological advancements occupy almost all fields, especially in the field of healthcare. Lots of chronic diseases have threatened the present world due to various reasons. This results in a lot of developments in the healthcare field every year, technically and medicinally. Modern medical technologies provide better patient care and make the doctors’ work easier than ever before. Moreover, wide research has been conducted on various information technologies (IT) related to integrating and promoting healthcare services. Very specifically, IT-enabled tools such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analysis are contributing a lot in promoting the healthcare industry. Exceptionally the IoT has been enforced extensively to integrate the current healthcare industry resources for offering reliable, efficient, and agile medical services to aged patients and patients with continual illness. Besides, IoT has various utilisations in the medical field, such as safeguarding and monitoring patients and improving patients’ care. Thus, IoT ensures enhanced care for patients by facilitating them to spend extra time with the medical practitioners.

On the other hand, IoT has its shortcomings, such as maintaining more medical instruments and collecting a vast amount of data that can be troublesome for hospital IT staff to supervise and manage. Furthermore, keeping patients’ information secure is a big issue, especially when relocated between various instruments. With this backdrop, the present chapter has been prepared to sum up the relevance of IoT in the patient care sector and establish the recent trends and future course of action for potential research in this field.

1.1 Introduction

Human health has been at risk in recent years due to overpopulation, and it also leads to a lot of diseases. As a result, there is a need for superior healthcare technology, and it should have the capability to curtail these conditions as much as possible. At present, the healthcare industry is developing quickly with innovative technologies. There is a rising need for healthcare, caused by issues such as an increase in unceasing illnesses to the worldwide populace, limited hospitals, healthcare professionals, and various service providers, to provide very good healthcare services for getting better patient outcomes [1]. All such problems pave the way for utilising the latest tools like the IoT, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics. Amongst these, IoT has supported a lot of health-related service providers. In the Industry 4.0 era, applying IT enabled technologies for healthcare services has become well-liked after proposing various novel thoughts, like Smart earth and City [2]. Every business sector contributes a lot towards the growth and development of the economy of any country and makes a difference. However, the healthcare industry is habitually considered to be a very important sector. [3].

Meanwhile, it is also complicated, more so as it engages in providing accurate medical attention to the deprived at an exact time. The pre-Internet era would see an enormous process associated with every activity concerned with the healthcare process. Still, ever since technology took over, there has been a lot of transformation. One such enormous support from technology towards the development of the healthcare system is the influx of IoT into the health industry [4]. The materialisation of IoT makes the healthcare industry smarter, faster, and stronger than ever before. The IoT is facilitated to interconnect healthcare appliances like supervising healthcare systems, sensor technologies, and other pointing devices that can determine and retain real-time health-related data. The pointing devices collect and store health-related data on federal cloud storage systems or servers to analyse the healthcare data for taking a health-related decision and provide better treatment [5].

Moreover, the overall IoT’s market share in the healthcare industry is projected to grow USD 188 billion by 2024, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 27.6% in the same period [6]. So the major players in this industry are endeavouring to grasp the benefits of this expansion and improve their results by investing more in such advanced technologies. According to the Medical Device Network report [7], by 2030 40% of IoT-related technologies would be utilised in the health and medical industry. As of today, IoT in the medical sector has around 22% of the entire IoT market. Internationally, about 60% of health-related institutions have already put into practice IoT outcomes. In the forthcoming years, it is expected that the number of users or patients and practitioners in the healthcare industry who will be using IoT-linked devices for monitoring health will rise to 44.4% each year [8]. The development potential of IoT in the global healthcare sector is discussed in Ray (2016) [9]. The role of IoT in the health sector contains much harm that comes with matters related to medicine all through history. However, the IoT and health sector can equally give better results.

1.2 Realising the Role of IoT in the Health Sector

The rising needs of the health sector have made innovation necessary for health-related services to render excellent health-related services. There are numerous gains that can be realised by using IoT in the health industry, such as facilitating the concurrent observation of the patients, offering a wide range of well-established tracks to gather patients’ data, and checking the actions of hospitals, staff, and patients properly to meet the new needs, such as getting a superior consideration of the patient’s health situation in a sequence of stages and multifaceted concern needs, focusing on a contemporary patient care approach and healthcare deliverance system design, clinical as well as a scientific data structure to supporting decisions, and an elegant continuing healthcare programme developed by an integrative panel [9]. IoT in the health industry is supportive at various places of the interaction between patients and health technology. The primary stage starts with the patients while making their call for booking appointments to the hospital or visiting the hospital directly in urgent situations [10]. From then on, the concurrent observation of a patient’s health state to intelligent health appliances linked to mobile applications and the health service means that it is possible to obtain necessary health-related data, and the same can be used by a doctor to examine patients’ health status and thereby arrange suitable treatment [11]. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is wearable technology that can be allocated to a patient. Electronic health records (EHR) supply information gathered and placed in a database and then relocated to a doctor by a system administrator on their systems. They can utilise this information for various purposes, from examining collected information to developing innovative treatments [12].

1.3 Need for IoT in the Healthcare Industry

Before introducing IoT, patients’ contacts with hospitals and doctors were inadequate, done with phone calls and text message communications. Therefore, there were no ways for hospitals and doctors to observe patients’ health constantly and make suggestions as a result [13]. After the introduction of IoT-facilitated devices, there has been a drastic change in the healthcare industry. This technology has made possible the monitoring of patients remotely, creating opportun...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half-Title Page
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Editors
• Contributors
• Unit 1 Introduction to IoT-Based Healthcare Devices
• Unit 2 IoT-Based Systems for Healthcare Sector: AI and Smart Computing
• Unit 3 IoT-Based Systems for Healthcare Industries: Opportunities and Challenges
• Unit 4 Security and Privacy in IoT-Based Systems for Healthcare Sector
• Index