Lithium-Related Batteries

Advances and Challenges

Ngoc Thanh Thuy Tran, Wen-Dung Hsu, Jow-Lay Huang, Ming-Fa Lin, Ngoc Thanh Thuy Tran, Wen-Dung Hsu, Jow-Lay Huang, Ming-Fa Lin

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2022
• Print ISBN: 9781032203898
• eBook ISBN: 9781000548242
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Chemical & Biochemical Engineering

This book serves as a comprehensive treatment of the advanced microscopic properties of lithium- and sodium-based batteries. It focuses on the development of the quasiparticle framework and the successful syntheses of cathode/electrolyte/anode materials in these batteries.

FEATURES

• Highlights lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries as well as lithium sulfur-, aluminum-, and iron-related batteries
• Describes advanced battery materials and their fundamental properties
• Addresses challenges to improving battery performance
• Develops theoretical predictions and experimental observations under a unified quasiparticle framework
• Targets core issues such as stability and efficiencies

Lithium-Related Batteries: Advances and Challenges will appeal to researchers and advanced students working in battery development, including those in the fields of materials, chemical, and energy engineering.

1 Introduction

Ngoc Thanh Thuy Tran

National Cheng Kung University

Van An Dinh

Osaka University

Ming-Fa Lin

National Cheng Kung University

Hikari Sakaebe

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

Le My Loan Phung

University of Science, Viet Nam National University – Ho Chi Minh city (VNU HCM)

Chin-Lung Kuo

National Taiwan University

Jeng-Shiung Jan, Wen-Dung Hsu, and Jow-Lay Huang

National Cheng Kung University

DOI: 10.1201/9781003263807-1

Contents

1. References

Green energy materials, which cover ion-based batteries [1,2,3 and 4], solar cells [5,6,7 and 8], and hydrogen storages [9,10,11 and 12], have become one of the mainstream condensed-matter systems in basic and applied science researches. They are capable of greatly diversifying the various properties and obviously promoting the potential applications. The first ones are the studying focus of this book, in which the current operations could be classified into five types according to the distinct ions and core materials (Tables 1.1–1.5). A lot of theoretical and experimental studies are done for achieving the high charging/discharging efficiencies. A series of systematic investigations on the critical mechanisms of the essential/physical/chemical/material properties are urgently required for the further development, mainly owing to the insufficient drawbacks of theoretical frameworks. It is well-known that certain ion-based batteries have become very popular commercial products. However, the high-precision measurements are frequently absent because of the technical limits and the complicated environments, such as the detailed examinations on lithium oxides of 3D intermediate crystal structures, electronic energy spectra, density of states, magnetic moments, frequency-dependent optical absorption/reflectance spectra, and photoluminescence spectra [1,13,14].

TABLE 1.1 The Normal Lithium-Ion-Based Batteries under Science Researches with Merits and Drawbacks

a. Advantages	b. Disadvantages
High energy density – potential for yet higher capacities. Does not need prolonged priming when new. One regular charge is all that is needed. Relatively low self-discharge – self-discharge is less than half that of nickel-based batteries. Low maintenance – no periodic discharge is needed; there is no memory. Specialty cells can provide very high current to applications such as power tools.	Requires protection circuit to maintain voltage and current within safe limits. Subject to aging, even if not in use – storage in a cool place at 40% charge reduces the aging effect. Transportation restrictions – shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory control. This restriction does not apply to personal carry-on batteries. Expensive to manufacture – about 40% higher in cost than nickel–cadmium. Not fully mature – metals and chemicals are changing on a continuing basis.
Cathodes: V2O5 [119,120 and 121], LiCoO2 [122,123], nano-LiCoO2 [124], LiMn2O4 [125], Li[Li0.20Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 [126], LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 [127,128], LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 [129], 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi0.375Mn0.375Co0.25O2 [130], Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 [131], FePO4 [132], LiFe(Co/Ni)PO4 [133,134] Anodes: TiO2 [135,136,137 and 138], graphite [139,140,141,142,143 and 144], patterned Si [145], Si film [146], carbon nanotubes [147,148], carbon nanofibers [149,150 and 151], Si nanowires [152,153], Si nanotubes [154], Li4Ti5O12 [155,156,157 and 158], MoO3 [159], SnO2 [160], ZnO [161], Fe3O4/carbon foam [162], MnO [163], Co3O4 [164], GaSx [165], MoS2 [166] Electrolytes: Solid-state electrolytes: Garnet (Li7La3Zr2O12) [167], perovskite (Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3) [168], Na superionic conductor (NASICON) [169], LIthium Super Ionic CONductor (LISICON) [170], LiMIV 2 (PO4)3 (MIV = Ti, Zr, Ge, and Hf) [171], LiAlOx [172], Li3PO4 [173], lithium silicate [174], Li (Ta/Nb)O3 [175,176], Li3N[177], LiSiAlO2[178], sulfide (Li4GeS4, Li10GeP2S12, Li2S-P2S5) [179], argyrodite (Li6PS5X (X = Cl, Br, I)) [180], anti-perovskite (Li3OX (X = Cl, Br, I)) [181], LiSi/Ge/SnO [116,182,183 and 184] Liquid electrolytes: l-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide (EMITFSI) [185], 1-allyl-3-vinyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([AVIm][TFSI]) [186], N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium TFSA (DEME–TFSA) [187], N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsufonyl)imide (PYR14TFSI) [188,189,190,191,192,193 and 194], N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PP13–TFSI) [195,196,197 and 198], pyrrolidinium nitrate (PYRNO3) [199], 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfone) imide (AMImTFSI and Im13TFSI) [200], N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (DMMATFSI) [201], 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Pip13TFSI) [202,203 and 204], methyl-methylcarboxymethyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N-butyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (MMMPYRTFSIPYR14TFSI) [205], 1-methoxyethoxymethyl(tri-n-butyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (MEMBu3PTFSI) [206], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Im13TFSI) [185,207] Gel polymer electrolytes: Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) [208], poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) [209], poly(vinylidene fluoride) hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-co-HFP) [210,211], poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) [212], poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [213,214], polystyrene-block-polymethyl methacrylate-block-polystyrene (PS-b-PMMA-b-PS) [215]

TABLE 1.2 Sodium-Ion-Based Batteries

c. Advantages	d. Disadvantages
Energy density: Moderate or high energy density depending on the chemistry used for the sodium-ion battery. Safety: High safety, especially when replacing flammable solvents with non-flammable solvents as co-solvents or as additives [216]. Cycle life: Long cycle life (negligible self-discharge) Cost: Due to the high natural abundance of sodium, commercial production of sodium-ion batteries might be extremely cheap. Easy transportation	Lower specific energy compared to LIBs (about one-half). Less mature technology
Cathodes: Layered transition metal oxides: NaMO2 (M = Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, V) [217], NaFe1/2Co1/2O2 [218], NaNi1/3Fe1/3Co1/3O2 [219], NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 [220], NaNi0.68Mn0.22Co0.10O2 [221], Na0.7MO2+...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Editors
• Contributors
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Chapter 2 Small Polaron–Li-Ion Complex Diffusion in the Cathodes of Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries
• Chapter 3 Enrichment of Optical Excitations of LiFeO2
• Chapter 4 Positive Electrode Stability in Higher Voltage Region
• Chapter 5 Layered Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries (SIBs): Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization
• Chapter 6 Essential Geometric and Electronic Properties in Stage-n FeCl3-Graphite Intercalation Compounds
• Chapter 7 Studying the Anisotropic Lithiation Mechanisms of Silicon Anode in Li-Ion Batteries Using Molecular Dynamic Simulations
• Chapter 8 Optical Properties of Monolayer and Lithium-Intercalated HfX2 (X = S, Se, or Te) for Lithium-Ion Batteries
• Chapter 9 Mn-Based Oxide Nanocomposite with Reduced Graphene Oxide as Anode Material in Li-Ion Battery
• Chapter 10 In-situ Synthesis of Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
• Chapter 11 Rich Quasiparticle Properties of Li2S Electrolyte in Lithium-Sulfur Battery
• Chapter 12 Diversified Quasiparticle Phenomena of P2S5: Electrolyte in Lithium-Sulfur Battery
• Chapter 13 Cathode/Electrolyte Interface in High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries: A First-Principles Study
• Chapter 14 Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in Sodium-Ion Battery: Roles, Structure, and Properties
• Chapter 15 Concluding Remarks
• Chapter 16 Open Issues and Challenges
• Chapter 17 Problems
• Index