The Prayer of Illumination

A Comparative Analysis into the Eastern and Reformed Nature of the Mar Thoma Syrian Church

Abraham Kuruvilla

• Publisher: Wipf and Stock
• Year: 2022
• Print ISBN: 9781666706642, 9781666706659
• eBook ISBN: 9781666706666
• Topic: Theology & Religion
• Subtopic: Christian Denominations

This book looks into the liturgy of the Mar Thoma Church. The Mar Thoma Church claims to be Eastern and Reformed. An enquiry is made into the liturgy of the Eucharist to look into the the prayer for illumination. The measuring rod to determine the Eastern and the Reformed nature is the Eastern fathers such as Gregory Nazianzen, Athanasius, St. Basil, etc., and the Reformer John Calvin. The prayer for illumination as laid out in the Eucharistic liturgy of the Mar Thoma Church is compared to the prayer for illumination in the Syrian liturgy and the Genevan psalter. Some observations are made and, accordingly, conclusions are drawn. Based on the conclusions, some implications are given for the Mar Thoma Church.

Chapter 1

A Brief Introduction of the Mar Thoma Syrian Church1

A proper starting point for an introduction to the Mar Thoma Syrian Church would be perhaps explaining the title itself. The title “Mar Thoma” means St. Thomas. As the title suggests, there is a connection with St. Thomas, the apostle of Jesus Christ. It is believed that the Mar Thoma Syrian Church2 was founded by St. Thomas, the apostle of Jesus Christ. This claim has been well researched in terms of its historicity.3

The mention of “Syrian” in the title suggests that there is some connection to the East of the world. This connection to the East was a result of a migration that happened from the East to the south of India.4 Until now, we have been trying to understand the MTC on the basis of the title. However, to conclude an understanding of the MTC only on the basis of the title would lead to an incomplete understanding of the MTC. So it is necessary to mention that the unique characteristic of the MTC is that it is reformed.5 This reformed characteristic was a result of the reformation that happened in the Mar Thoma Church some two hundred years ago.6 So, we can say that the MTC is arguably founded by St. Thomas, it has a connection to the East of the world, which gives the MTC an eastern nature, and it is reformed.

We can safely conclude that the MTC has a mixed history, which is a combination of eastern elements and reformed principles. However, irrespective of the above two claims, there is a lot of ambiguity regarding the theological nature of the MTC. There are sections in the MTC that arguably claim that the MTC is eastern. However, there also exists another section in the MTC that arguably claims that the MTC is reformed. Though the historicity of such claims are well-researched and credible, in terms of doctrine and theological nature such claims are arguable because they are not credibly founded. There definitely exist some eastern elements and also reformed elements in the MTC. However, to claim that the MTC is only eastern in its theological nature or only reformed in its theological nature is always debatable. Such arguable and debatable claims linger on in sections of the clergy, the faithful, and also in the general understanding of the MTC by the outside world at large. As a result, there is always a trend of overemphasizing the importance of either the eastern elements over the reformed elements or vice-versa.

A logical and credible starting point from this reality of arguable and overemphasized ambiguity would be to map the eastern and reformed elements in the MTC. The process of mapping would involve pointing out the respective elements as and where it is evident. This process of mapping would necessarily involve a comparison with the eastern and reformed doctrines or beliefs as found in the global church. Toward this endeavor I will make an effort of equating the beliefs of the MTC with the eastern and reformed doctrines or beliefs as found in the global church. Along with this, there will be a systematic analysis of the beliefs. Such a combination of mapping, equating, and analyzing would make the claims of the MTC credible. However, since the effort of this book is an enquiry into the theological nature of the MTC, I will be spending a considerable amount of time with one or two elements at a time. Accordingly, this book is an effort toward mapping the eastern and reformed elements with regards to the doctrine of atonement and Holy Spirit as found in the MTC.

The question before us is: how do we start the process of mapping the theological nature of the MTC? In other words, what is the source to enquire for mapping the theological nature of the MTC? Unlike some churches, the MTC does not have a documented copy of its theology in detail. However, one of the characteristics of eastern churches is that its theology is found in its liturgy.7 To begin a mapping process with the understanding that the theology of the MTC is found in the liturgy should not be misunderstood that we are concluding even before we start that the MTC is eastern. Using liturgy as a source of inquiry should only be a starting point. However, it should be understood that the Mar Thoma liturgy8 is not an explicit confessional document regarding the doctrines of Christian faith pertaining to the MTC. Such an endeavor has never been attempted in the MTC, and hence this book is important as it will give clarity with regards to the theological and confessional standpoint of the MTC.

1. The introduction and chapter 1 were previously published in my book Eastern and Reformed, published by Wipf and Stock in 2018. The first chapter is included in this book because an introduction to the history and the nature of the Mar Thoma Syrian Church is needed before doing a doctrinal analysis.

2. From now on I will refer to the Mar Thoma Syrian Church as the Mar Thoma Church and abbreviate it as MTC.

3. Missick, “Mar Thoma,” 52–59. For a brief reading into the historicity see John, “Liturgy of the Mar Thoma Syrian Church,” 1–3.

4. Missick, “Mar Thoma,” 45–50.

5. John, “Liturgy of the Mar Thoma Syrian Church,” 4–7.

6. For a detailed reading into formation of the Mar Thoma Syrian Church see Varughese, “Religion, Renaissance and Protest,” 170–80.

7. Patros Yousif connects the Syriac liturgy to Syriac spirituality. See Yousif, “Èast Syrian Spirituality,” 112–33.

8. The liturgy of the Mar Thoma Church; hereafter referred to as MTL.

Chapter 2

The Prayer for Illumination

Address and Petition

The Holy Spirit plays a vital role in the life of the church. The Holy Spirit assists us in our faith formation. The thesis of this book is that in the liturgy of the Mar Thoma Church (MTC) we find a combination of eastern and reformed views of the Holy Spirit. By eastern and reformed I mean the doctrine of the Holy Spirit as taught by the eastern fathers as well as ...

Table of contents

• Title Page
• Acknowledgments
• Abbreviations
• Introduction
• Chapter 1: A Brief Introduction of the Mar Thoma Syrian Church1
• Chapter 2: The Prayer for Illumination
• Chapter 3: The Prayer for Illumination
• Chapter 4: Conclusion
• Bibliography