Smart Cities

Concepts, Practices, and Applications

Krishna Kumar, Gaurav Saini, Duc Manh Nguyen, Narendra Kumar, Rachna Shah, Krishna Kumar, Gaurav Saini, Duc Manh Nguyen, Narendra Kumar, Rachna Shah

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2022
• Print ISBN:
  9781032190327
• eBook ISBN:
  9781000583502
• Topic: Tecnología e ingeniería
• Subtopic: Ciencias computacionales general

This book discusses the various aspects of smart cities and their architecture along with the application of the latest technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). The concept of smart cities, their development, technological advancements, and issues related to them are discussed in detail.

Smart Cities: Concepts, Practices, and Applications covers numerous topics, including energy utilities and the role of renewable energy for sustainable development, intelligent transport systems, traffic management, sewage and waste management, the impact of smart city development on the social and economic aspects of life, flexible communication technologies utilized in the development of smart cities, e-governance challenges, and implementation in smart cities.

FEATURES

• Discusses the basic architecture of a smart city and its development concept
• Covers the application of IoT and AI in the development of smart cities
• Examines the impact of smart city development on social and economic aspects
• Presents comprehensively intelligent transport systems and traffic management

This book will be useful for senior undergraduate and graduate students and professionals in electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer science, and civil engineering.

1 Smart Cities: A Step toward Sustainable Development

Aman Kumar and Nishant Raj Kapoor

AcSIR, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, India

Harish Chandra Arora and Ashok Kumar

CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, India

DOI: 10.1201/9781003287186-1

Contents

1. 1.1 Introduction
2. 1.2 Background of Smart Cities
   • 1.2.1 Evolution of Smart Cities
   • 1.2.2 Definitions
   • 1.2.3 Basic Requirements for Sustainable Smart Cities
     • 1.2.3.1 Land
     • 1.2.3.2 People
     • 1.2.3.3 Infrastructure
     • 1.2.3.4 Governance
3. 1.3 Integrated Approach toward Smart Cities
   • 1.3.1 Dimensions for Smart City
     • 1.3.1.1 Smart People
     • 1.3.1.2 Smart Living
     • 1.3.1.3 Smart Environment
     • 1.3.1.4 Smart Governance
     • 1.3.1.5 Smart Economy
     • 1.3.1.6 Smart Mobility
4. 1.4 Technologies for Smart Cities
   • 1.4.1 Internet of Things (IoT)
     • 1.4.1.1 Challenges for Smart Homes
   • 1.4.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
5. 1.5 Global Practices for Smart Cities
   • 1.5.1 Indexing Parameters by IMD
   • 1.5.2 Indexing Parameters by IESE
   • 1.5.3 Position of Leading Smart Cities on a Global Scale
   • 1.5.4 Development of Smart Cities in Singapore
     • 1.5.4.1 Urban Living
     • 1.5.4.2 Health
     • 1.5.4.3 Transport
     • 1.5.4.4 Digital Government Services
     • 1.5.4.5 Startups and Businesses
     • 1.5.4.6 Strategic National Projects
   • 1.5.5 Development of Smart Cities in India
     • 1.5.5.1 Quality of Life (QoL)
     • 1.5.5.2 Economic Ability (EcA)
     • 1.5.5.3 Sustainability Management (SuM)
6. 1.6 Conclusions
7. Abbreviations
8. References

A great city is that which has the greatest men and women

Walt Whitman

1.1 Introduction

Smart cities have become a very popular trend worldwide in urban policies [1]. In 1974, Los Angeles (LA), a city of California State started the first urban big data project called “A Cluster Analysis of Los Angeles” in which the main focusing area was community analysis using cluster analysis, infrared aerial photography data and computer databases, altogether, to generate reports on neighborhood demography, quality of housing and help direct resources to reduce health threats and poverty [2, 3]. Amsterdam was conceptualized as the first virtual “digital city”—De Digital Stad (DDS) over the globe in 1994, in which the city developed a digital network for citizens to deliver their protests and notations to politicians [4]. In 1611, the merchants of this city used Hendrick de Keyser Centre to exchange trade information. Due to this reason, Amsterdam was the first smart city well before the concept was used and the city is also known as “A world Leader in Smart City Development” [5].

In 1997, the smart cities started appearing in literature and got attention from various industries and scientific communities. The main basis of smart cities is to collect, analyze, and provide data from people to people of a city by using intelligent technologies. From the perspective of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), there are several opinions regarding the meaning of “smart” [6]. In this era, the term “smart” is quite common and broadly used synonyms are “intelligent” and “modern.” Moreover, smart is synonymous to efficient, when it is linked to devices. A smart city is a digital city that is connected with intelligent systems through the Internet and moving toward sustainability goals. These cities contain more accessibility, livability and are eco-friendly [7]. Numerous smart city projects in developed and developing countries are still under the construction stage. With the advancements in technology, experts and research scholars are not able to decide mutually the basic concepts and elements of a smart city. This infers that the researchers are unable to come to the implementation stage from the conceptual stage [1].

In the early 1900s, only 13% of the world’s population was living in urban areas [8]. But in the year 2014, as reported by the United Nations (UN), this number increased to 41% and predicted the expected increase to 66% by 2050 [9]. UN reported that by 2030, the urban population is expected to increase by 60% globally and one in every three people will live in cities with at least half a million inhabitants [10]. Urbanization puts pressure on the cities to provide various essential parameters such as better life quality, enhanced level of productivity and environment [11]. This pressure can only be mitigated by the use of intelligent systems with uninterrupted Information Exchange and Communication Techniques (IECT), which enable sustainability and growth [12]. The problem associated with rapid migration led to various issues like increase in crimes, security, privacy, traffic congestion and different types of pollutions (air, water, noise, land etc.). One of the most effective solutions for these problems is smart cities.

To solve the problems of residents, the cities are enhancing their digital technologies. The top-most problems of the residents are medical infrastructures, traffic congestion, care of senior citizens, environmental monitoring, and crime prevention. These developments aim to attain a quality life with more productivity and competitiveness. To maintain the huge smart city data, the concept of ‘big data’ was evolved with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) [13, 14]. The process of modern smart cities incorporates data exchange by IoT, managing and transforming data using big data techniques and optimization data by AI [15]. But, in the future, smart city projects may be completely managed by robotic systems. The correlation between the above parameters in a smart city can be presented using equatio...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Half Title Page
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• Editors
• Contributors
• 1 Smart Cities: A Step toward Sustainable Development
• 2 A Smart City Analytical Framework: Evidence from Vietnam
• 3 The Contribution of Games in the Design of Smart Cities: A Look at Brazilian Slums
• 4 An IoT-based Framework toward a Feasible Safe and Smart City Using Drone Surveillance
• 5 An End-to-End Framework for Dynamic Crime Profiling of Places
• 6 Intelligent Transport Systems and Traffic Management
• 7 Application of IoT and AI in the Development of Smart Cities
• 8 Flood Management Policies in Megacities: A Case Study of Southern India
• 9 Maintenance Methodologies Embraced by O&M Department for Track Geometry at Kochi Metro Rail Limited, India: A Case Study
• 10 Smart Lights for Smart City
• 11 Flexible Communication Technologies Utilized in Developing Smart Cities
• 12 Sewage Management: Sources, Effects, and Treatment Technologies
• 13 Fabrication of Mullite Ceramic by Using Industrial Waste
• 14 Futuristic Approach to Energy in Smart Cities
• Index