The PA orders patient-specific laboratory studies.
- Indications for laboratory studies
- Common laboratory screening tests for selected medical conditions
- Interpretation of laboratory studies
- Selecting appropriate laboratory studies
- Collecting laboratory specimens
- Interpretation of results
Complete Blood Count: Components
& Possible Conditions
White Blood Cell Count
- Acute bacterial infection
- Acute viral infection
- Stress
- Chronic viral infections
- Chronic bacterial infections
- Leukocytic autodigestion
- Decreased production from bone marrow
Red Blood Cell Count
- Respiratory distress: asthma or emphysema
- Polycythemia
- Dehydration
- Anemia: iron deficiency, B12/folate deficiency, copper deficiency
- Internal bleeding
- Vitamin C deficiency
Hemoglobin
- Respiratory distress: asthma or emphysema
- Polycythemia
- Dehydration
- Anemia: iron deficiency, B12/folate deficiency, B6 deficiency, copper deficiency
- Internal bleeding
- Digestive inflammation
- Vitamin C deficiency
Hematocrit
- Respiratory distress: asthma or emphysema
- Polycythemia
- Spleen hyperfunction
- Dehydration
- Anemia: iron deficiency, B12/folate deficiency, B6sub> deficiency, copper deficiency
- Internal bleeding
- Digestive inflammation
- Thymus hypofunction
- Vitamin C deficiency
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
- Anemia: iron deficiency, B12/folate deficiency, B6 deficiency
- Vitamin C deficiency
- Internal bleeding
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
- Anemia: iron deficiency, B12/folate deficiency, B6 deficiency
- Hypochlorhydria
- Internal bleeding
- Heavy-metal body burden
- Vitamin C deficiency
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concen- tration (MCHC)
- Anemia: iron ciency, B12/folate deficiency, B6 deficiency
- Hypochlorhydria
- Heavy-metal body burden
- Vitamin C deficiency
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
- Anemia: iron deficiency, B12/folate deficiency
- Pernicious anemia
- Acute/Chronic bacterial infection
- Inflammation
Neutrophils (Low)
- Aplastic anemia
- Pernicious anemia
- Chronic viral infection
Monocytes (High)
- Recovery phase of infection
- Liver dysfunction
- Intestinal parasites
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Lymphocytes
- Childhood diseases
- Acute and chronic viral infections
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Inflammation
- Systemic toxicity
- Chronic viral or bacterial infections
- Free radical activity
- Active bacterial infections
- Suppressed bone marrow function Eosinophils
- Intestinal parasites
- Food and environmental allergies/sensitivities
- Asthma
- Increased adrenal steroid production
Basophils (High)
- Tissue inflammation
- Intestinal parasites
Platelet Count
- Atherosclerosis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Heavy-metal body burden
- Free radical pathology
Complete Blood Count (Adult Results)
| Test | Normal Range |
| Red blood cells (× 106/mL) | Male: 4.5–5.5
Female: 4.0–4.9 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | Male: 13.5–17.5
Female: 12.0–165.0 |
| Hematocrit (%) | Male: 41–50
Female: 36–44 |
| Red blood cell distribution width | < 14.5 |
| Mean corpuscular volume | 80–100 |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin | 26–34 |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration | 31–37 |
| Platelet count | 100,000–450,000 |
White Blood Cell & Differential
| White blood cell count (cells/mL) | 4,500–10,000 |
| Segmented neutrophils | 54%–62% |
| Band forms | 3%–5% (above 8% indicates left shift) |
| Basophils | 0–1 (0%–0.75%) |
| Eosinophils | 0–3 (1%–3%) |
| Lymphocytes | 24–44 (25%–33%) |
| Monocytes | 3–6 (3%–7%) |
Blood Chemistry: Components & Possible Conditions
Glucose
- Diabetes
- Insulin resistance
- Early-stage hyperglycemia/diabetes
- Syndrome X/Metabolic syndrome
- Thiamine need
- Cortisol resistance
- Fatty liver
- Liver congestion
- Hypoglycemia: reactive, liver glycogen problem
- Hyperinsulinism
- Adrenal hypofunction
A1C
- Diabetes mellitus
- Insulin resistance
- Hypoglycemia
Calcium
- Kidney problems
- Bone disease
- Thyroid disease
- Cancer...
