Advancements in Developing Abiotic Stress-Resilient Plants
eBook - ePub

Advancements in Developing Abiotic Stress-Resilient Plants

Basic Mechanisms to Trait Improvements

  1. 386 pages
  2. English
  3. ePUB (mobile friendly)
  4. Available on iOS & Android
eBook - ePub

Advancements in Developing Abiotic Stress-Resilient Plants

Basic Mechanisms to Trait Improvements

About this book

Plants often encounter abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, flooding, high/low temperatures, and metal toxicity, among others. The majority of these stresses occur simultaneously and thus limit crop production. Therefore, the need of the hour is to improve the abiotic stresses tolerance of crop plants by integrating physiology, omics, and modern breeding approaches. This book covers various aspects including (1) abiotic stress responses in plants and progress made so far in the allied areas for trait improvements, (2) integrates knowledge gained from basic physiology to advanced omics tools to assist new breeding technologies, and (3) discusses key genes, proteins, and metabolites or pathways for developing new crop varieties with improved tolerance traits.

Trusted by 375,005 students

Access to over 1.5 million titles for a fair monthly price.

Study more efficiently using our study tools.

Information

Publisher
CRC Press
Year
2022
Topic
Biological Sciences
eBook ISBN
9781000572896
Subtopic
Biology
Index
Biological Sciences

1Physiological, Molecular, and Biochemical Responses of Rice to Drought Stress

Ashish B. Rajurkar1*, Dhananjay Gotarkar2, and Seema Rana3
1Plant Science Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
2IRRI South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, UP, India
3Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, India
*Corresponding Author, [email protected]
DOI: 10.1201/9781003159636-1
CONTENTS
  1. 1.1Introduction
  2. 1.2Physiological Responses and Mechanisms under Drought Stress
  3. 1.2.1Leaf Rolling and Leaf Area Index
  4. 1.2.2Leaf Water Potential (LWP) and Relative Water Content (RWC)
  5. 1.2.3Osmotic Adjustment
  6. 1.2.4Stomatal Density, Aperture Size and Stomatal Conductance
  7. 1.2.5Root Traits
  8. 1.2.6Molecular Breeding for Physiological and Secondary Traits
  9. 1.3Molecular Responses and Mechanisms under Drought Stress
  10. 1.4Biochemical Responses and Mechanisms under Drought Stress
  11. 1.4.1Proline
  12. 1.4.2Polyamines
  13. 1.4.3Allantoin
  14. 1.5Conclusion and Future Perspectives
  15. References

1.1 Introduction

Drought or water deficit is one of the major environmental constraints on rice productivity, particularly in rainfed ecosystems and largely in major rice -growing ecosystems, as groundwater, a valuable resource for irrigation during drought, is continuously declining (Ray et al., 2015). Erratic rainfall across the globe may exacerbate droughts, with increasing frequency of water stress during the cropping season. Increased drought will increase water stress. Exposure of plants to drought adversely affects them at every stage from germination to reproduction and finally limits yield (Pandey and Shukla, 2015; Khan et al., 2015). Rice is highly susceptible to water stress. Drought stress reduces accumulation of biomass, in general, and causes yield reduction. The magnitude of yield loss depends on timing, plant growth stage and duration, and the severity of drought stress. Drought stress affects rice plants throughout their lifecycle, but drought stress from the intermittent (during maximum tillering, flowering-reproductive growth) to the late (after panicle initiation) stage may greatly affect the yield. The drought-mediated yield losses in the reproductive stage in rice are given in Table 1.1.
TABLE 1.1Yield Losses in Rice as a Result of Reproductive-Stage Drought
Severity of Reproductive Drought Stress
Yield Reduction (%)
Reference
Lowland moderate stress
45–60
Vikram et al., 2011
Dixit et al., 2012,
Rajurkar et al., 2019, 2021
Lowland severe stress
65–91
Vikram et al., 2011
Ghimire et al., 2012
Rajurkar et al., 2019, 2021
Upland mild stress
18–39
Vikram et al., 2011
Sandhu et al., 2014
Upland moderate stress
70–75
Vikram et al., 2011
Sandhu et al., 2014
Upland severe stress
80–97
Bernier et al., 2007
Lafitte et al., 2007
Dixit et al., 2012
Extreme climate change causing lower precipitation and drought has negative effects in many growing areas of the world (Lobell et al., 2011). Drought is frequent in many parts of South and Southeast Asia, affecting 46 Mha rainfed lowland and 10 Mha upland rice area in Asia (Pandey et al., 2007). In India alone, 14.4 and 6.0 Mha of the rainfed lowland and upland rice area, respectively, are affected by drought (Mahajan et al., 2017). Recent predictions suggest further increased frequency and intensity of drought and increase concern over water deficit problems in the coming decades (Wassmann et al., 2009). Given the increasing severity, it is necessary to develop cultivars with inbuilt mechanisms for drought stress tolerance and to deliver adapted varieties to improve productivity in drought-affected environments.
Plants adapt different strategies, such as drought escape, recovery and resistance, which can be further divided into drought avoidance and tolerance (Fukai and Cooper, 1995). Drought avoidance is usually associated with reduced water loss, extensive root system for water uptake and reduced leaf area to avoid evaporation. During drought tolerance, plants maintain their normal functioning even with low water potential within the tissues, and this is associated with accumulation of compatible solutes and protoplasmic resistance (Price et al., 2002). Improving drought resistance is a complex and difficult task to achieve, because sometimes it comes with limitations such as short lifecycle, leading to reduced grain yield, and lower carbon assimilation with ultimate reduction in grain yield is seen in varieties using drought escape and avoidance strategies. In the case of drought tolerance mechanisms, increased solute concentration for osmotic adjustment may have a negative impact on plant growth. Therefore, adaptation of crops to drought stress must maintain a balance between the drought resistance mechanisms introduced to guarantee sustainable productivity (Mitra, 2001; Yang et al., 2010). Plants sense their environments by adaptive morphological, anatomical, cellular, physiological and biochemical changes. And thus, multidisciplinary approaches are needed to ...

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Half-Title Page
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright Page
  5. Contents
  6. Editors
  7. 1 Physiological, Molecular, and Biochemical Responses of Rice to Drought Stress
  8. 2 Coordinated Functions of Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism and Defense Systems in Abiotic Stress Tolerance
  9. 3 Nitric Oxide-Mediated Salinity Stress Tolerance in Plants: Signaling and Physiological Perspectives
  10. 4 S-Nitrosylation and Denitrosylation: A Regulatory Mechanism during Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops
  11. 5 Calcium Signaling Is a Hub of the Signaling Network in Response and Adaptation of Plants to Heat Stress
  12. 6 Functions of Polyamines in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
  13. 7 Decoding the Multifaceted Role of Glycine Betaine in Heavy Metal Stress Regulation
  14. 8 Abiotic Stress and Its Role in Altering the Nutritional Landscape of Food Crops
  15. 9 Plant Transcription Factors from Halophytes and Their Role in Salinity and Drought Stress Tolerance
  16. 10 Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance on the Transcriptomics Atlas
  17. 11 Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Salinity Tolerance in Halophytes Using Transcriptome Analysis
  18. 12 Seed Aging in Crops: A Proteomics Perspective
  19. 13 Crop Proteomics: Towards Systemic Analysis of Abiotic Stress Responses
  20. 14 Metabolites and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
  21. 15 Genome Editing for Developing Abiotic Stress-Resilient Plants
  22. 16 Molecular Breeding in Rice for Abiotic Stress Resilience: The Story since 2004
  23. 17 Nanotechnology in Developing Abiotic Stress Resilience in Crops: A Physiological Implication
  24. Index

Frequently asked questions

Yes, you can cancel anytime from the Subscription tab in your account settings on the Perlego website. Your subscription will stay active until the end of your current billing period. Learn how to cancel your subscription
No, books cannot be downloaded as external files, such as PDFs, for use outside of Perlego. However, you can download books within the Perlego app for offline reading on mobile or tablet. Learn how to download books offline
Perlego offers two plans: Essential and Complete
  • Essential is ideal for learners and professionals who enjoy exploring a wide range of subjects. Access the Essential Library with 800,000+ trusted titles and best-sellers across business, personal growth, and the humanities. Includes unlimited reading time and Standard Read Aloud voice.
  • Complete: Perfect for advanced learners and researchers needing full, unrestricted access. Unlock 1.5M+ books across hundreds of subjects, including academic and specialized titles. The Complete Plan also includes advanced features like Premium Read Aloud and Research Assistant.
Both plans are available with monthly, semester, or annual billing cycles.
We are an online textbook subscription service, where you can get access to an entire online library for less than the price of a single book per month. With over 1.5 million books across 990+ topics, we’ve got you covered! Learn about our mission
Look out for the read-aloud symbol on your next book to see if you can listen to it. The read-aloud tool reads text aloud for you, highlighting the text as it is being read. You can pause it, speed it up and slow it down. Learn more about Read Aloud
Yes! You can use the Perlego app on both iOS and Android devices to read anytime, anywhere — even offline. Perfect for commutes or when you’re on the go.
Please note we cannot support devices running on iOS 13 and Android 7 or earlier. Learn more about using the app
Yes, you can access Advancements in Developing Abiotic Stress-Resilient Plants by M. Iqbal R. Khan, Palakolanu Reddy, Ravi Gupta, M. Iqbal R. Khan,Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy,Ravi Gupta,Palakolanu Reddy, M. Iqbal R. Khan, Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy, Ravi Gupta in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Biological Sciences & Biology. We have over 1.5 million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.