Wearable and Neuronic Antennas for Medical and Wireless Applications

Arun Kumar, Manoj Gupta, Mahmoud A. Albreem, Dac-Binh Ha, Er. Mohit Kumar Sharma

• Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener
• Year: 2022
• Print ISBN: 9781119791805
• eBook ISBN: 9781119792567
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications
• Index: Technology & Engineering

WEARABLE AND NEURONIC ANTENNAS FOR MEDICAL AND WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

This new volume in this exciting new series, written and edited by a group of international experts in the field, covers the latest advances and challenges in wearable and neuronic antennas for medical and wireless applications.

Antenna development and engineering is changing at a rapid pace, and it is incredibly important that engineers, scientists, and students in the field have a valuable reference work to consult. Students are able to use this book as a learning tool, and professors and industrial short courses are able to use it as a textbook. Covering all of the advances and developments of wearable and neuronic antennas for medical and wireless applications, this outstanding new volume offers information not available anywhere else in any other format.

Covering new research and development of antenna designs never seen before, this volume, written and edited by a team of experts in the field, breaks new ground, offering new solutions to engineering and scientific problems to experts in the field, while providing the full theoretical and conceptual background for the practical applications. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist, the student, or a manager or other technician working in the field, this volume is a must-have for any library.

1
Machine Learning Aided Channel Equalization in Filter Bank Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G

Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf^1,2, Muhammad Moinuddin^1,2*, Syed Saad Azhar Ali³, Syed Sajjad Hussain Rizvi⁴ and Muhammad Faisal⁵

¹Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems (CEIES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

²Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

³Center for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia

⁴Computer Science Department, SZABIST, Karachi, Pakistan

⁵Computer & Information Technology Dept., Dammam Community College, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Multi-carrier communications (MC) have gained a lot of interest as they have shown better spectral efficiency and provide flexible operation. Thus, the MC are strong candidates for the fifth generation of mobile communications. The Cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) is the most famous technique in the MC as it is easy to implement. However, the OFDM has poor spectral efficiency due to limited filtering options available. Thus, to enhance spectral efficiency, an alternative to OFDM called Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) communication was introduced, which has more freedom of filtering options. On the other hand, the FBMC preserves only real orthogonality for the waveforms, resulting in imaginary interference. Hence, the equalization in FBMC has to deal with this additional interference which becomes challenging in multiuser communication. In this chapter, the aim is to deal with this challenge.

Keywords: Multiuser communications, multicarrier communications, OFDM, FBMC, 5G, equalization, machine learning, MMSE

1.1 Introduction

Improved bandwidth, efficient power utilization, and better handling of selective fading are prominent advantages of the MC [1]. The CP-OFDM is a simpler MC solution. However, it has poor spectral efficiency due to limited filtering options available.

Another candidate considered for multiple radio access in 5G is the Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) [2]. The FBMC is a modified version of OFDM, where the rectangular transmit and receive waveforms are replaced by any other more frequency localized pulse shapes, which offer a more confined spectrum, relevant for spectrum-sharing scenarios.

In the FBMC with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM) system, Channel equalization is challenging compared to the standard CP-OFDM. This is because the real and the imaginary symbols in the FBMC-OQAM system are transmitted with a time offset, which results in loss of orthogonality in the imaginary part [2]. Thus, the received signal suffers from the additional imaginary part, which is termed as Imaginary interference. This interference degrades the performance of the channel estimator. As a result, channel equalization also degrades as it requires the knowledge of channel estimates. In conventional equalization methods for the FBMC-OQAM, the channel estimates are used to cancel the phase of the received signal and extract its real part. However, due to errors in channel estimates, the phase cancellation is not completely achieved. Thus, this conventional approach does not work in this scenario. Alternatively, people have proposed direct equalization methods, which still need improvements. Therefore, there is a need to design an efficient equalization method to combat the imaginary interference and inter-symbol interference (ISI), and inter-carrier interference (ICI) in the FBMC-OQAM system.

1.2 Related Literature Review

The FBMC modulation is a recent type of MC technique develop...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Preface
• 1 Machine Learning Aided Channel Equalization in Filter Bank Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G
• 2 Implantable Cardio Technologies: A Review of Integrated Low Noise Amplifiers
• 3 Detecting COVID-19 Through Lung X-Ray Imaging: An Alternative Using Modified CNN Architecture
• 4 Wireless Body Area Network Antenna
• 5 Analysis of RF-DC Rectifier Input Impedance for the Appropriate Design of Matching Network for Wireless RF Energy Harvesters
• 6 Secured Schemes for RF Energy Harvesting Mobile Computing Networks with Multiple Antennas Based on NOMA and Access Points Selection
• 7 Performance and Stability Analysis of CNTFET SRAM Cell Topologies for Ultra-Low Power Applications
• 8 Arrow Shaped Dual-Band Wearable Antenna for ISM Applications
• 9 Edge-Fed Semicircular Antenna Enabled With Pins and Slots for Wireless Applications
• 10 A Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for UWB Application
• 11 Waveform Optimization in Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G Technology
• 12 Wearable Antennas for Biomedical Applications
• 13 Received Power Based Jammer Localization Using Unscented Kalman Filtering
• Index
• End User License Agreement