European Defence Cooperation in EU Law and IR Theory

T. Dyson, Kenneth A. Loparo, Theodore Konstadinides

• Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
• Year: 2013
• Print ISBN: 9781137281296
• eBook ISBN: 9781137281302
• Topic: Politics & International Relations
• Subtopic: Comparative Law
• Index: Politics & International Relations

This book offers a novel contribution to the study of post-Cold War European defence. Interdisciplinary in approach, it uses European law to assess the utility of existing theoretical accounts. By exploring the balance of threat theory, it provides new insights into the forces driving and hindering European defence cooperation.

Notes

Introduction: Why EU Law and IR Theory? Uncovering the Scope of European Defence Cooperation

1. Cologne European Council, ‘Conclusions of the Presidency’ (3–4 June 1999) <www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/kol1_en.htm> accessed 4 December 2012. It should be noted that the legal dimension of European defence integration goes back to 1945.

2. J. Herz, ‘Military Capabilities: A Step Forward in ESDP?’ (2009) 46 European Security Review, Brussels: ISIS 4; see also N. Whitney, ‘Reenergising Europe’s Security and Defence Policy’ (2008) London: European Council on Foreign Relations Policy Paper 5.

3. E. Alto et al., ‘Towards a European Defence Market’ (2008) 133 Challiot Paper Brussels: ISS; N. Whitney, ‘Reenergising Europe’s Security and Defence Policy’ (2008) London: European Council on Foreign Relations Policy Paper 36–38.

4. N. Whitney, ‘Reenergising Europe’s Security and Defence Policy’ (2008) London: European Council on Foreign Relations Policy Paper 38.

5. C. Moelling, ‘ESDP after Lisbon: More Coherent and Capable?’ (2008) 3 (28) CSS Analyses in Security Policy, 1, 3.

6. See, for instance, T. Salmon, ‘The European Security and Defence Policy: Built on Rocks or Sand’ (2005) 10 (3) European Foreign Affairs Review, 359; S. Von Kielmansegg, ‘The Meaning of Petersberg: Some Considerations on the Legal Scope of ESDP Operations’ (2007) 44 (3) Common Market Law Review, 629.

7. See, for instance, A. Georgopoulos, ‘Defence Procurement and EU Law’ (2005) 30 (4) European Law Review, 559; Scannell, ‘Financing ESDP Military Operations’ (2004) 9 European Foreign Affairs Review, 529; D. Eisenhut, ‘The Special Security Exemption of Book 296 EC: Time for a New Notion of “Essential Security Interests”?’ (2008) 33 (4) European Law Review, 577.

8. S. Keukeleire, ‘Book Review: M. Trybus, European Union Law and Defence Integration (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005)’ (2006) 31 European Law Review, 593.

9. On the balance of power, see K. Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1979); on the balance of threat, see S. Walt, ‘Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power’ (1985) 9 (4) International Security, 3.

10. On the ‘soft balancing’ thesis, see, for example, R. Art et al., ‘Striking the Balance’ (2005/2006) 30 (2) International Security, 180; C. Layne, ‘The Unipolar Illusion Revisited: The Coming End of the United States’ Unipolar Moment’ (2006) 31 (2) International Security, 7, 34–36; R. Pape, ‘Soft Balancing against the United States’ (2005) 30 (1) International Security, 7; T.V. Paul, ‘The Enduring Axioms of Balance of Power Theory and the Contemporary Relevance’ in T.V. Paul et al. (eds), Balance of Power Theory and Practice in the 21st Century (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004) 14–15; B. Posen, ‘ESDP and the Structure of World Power’ (2004) 1 International Spectator, 5; B. Posen, ‘The European Security and Defence Policy: Response to Uni-Polarity’ (2006) 15 (2) Security Studies, 149; S. Walt, ‘Keeping the World Off-Balance’ in J. Ikenberry (ed.), America Unrivalled: The Failure of the Balance of Power (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002); S. Walt, Taming American Power: The Global Response to US Primacy (New York: Norton, 2005) 129.

11. On the alliance security dilemma, see G. Snyder, ‘The Security Dilemma in Alliance Politics’ (1984) 36 (4) World Politics, 461.

1 Mapping European Defence Cooperation: Patterns of Competition and Complementarity in the Architecture of European Defence

1. A. Cottey, Security in the New Europe (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007) 46–49.

2. Ibid.

3. J. Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: Norton, 2001); A. Hyde-Price, European Security in the 21st Century: The Challenge of Multipolarity (Abingdon: Routledge, 2007) 83.

4. B. Posen, ‘Command of the Commons: The Military Foundations of US Hegemony’ (2003) 30 (1) International Security, 5, 6; A. Hyde-Price, European Security in the 21st Century: The Challenge of Multipolarity (Abingdon: Routledge, 2007) 83–86.

5. S. Brooks and W. Wohlforth, ‘Hard Times for Soft Balancing’ (2005) 30 (1) International Security, 80.

6. On the propensity of the United Kingdom to favour the routing of defence cooperation through the Atlantic Alliance, see R. Dover, The Europeanisation of British Defence Policy: 1997–2005 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007) 88; T. Dunne, ‘When the Shooting Starts: Atlanticism in British Security Policy’ (2004) 80 (5) International Affairs, 893; S. Jones, The Rise of European Security Cooperation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007) 223. On the ‘Europeanisation’ of French defence policy, see B. Irondelle, ‘Europeanisation without the European Union? French Military Reforms 1991–1996’ (2003) 10 (2) Journal of European Public Policy, 208; S. Lungu, ‘The US Military-Technological Revolution and the “Europeanisation” of the French Industrial Sector during the 1990s’ (2004) 149 (1) RUSI Journal, 58; M. Sutton, France and the Construction of Europe (Oxford: Berghahn, 2007) 307–311. On the tendency of Germany to adopt a position between ‘Europeanisation’ and ‘Atlanticisation’, see T. Dyson, ‘German Military Reform 1998–2004: Leadership and the Triumph of Domestic Constraint over International Opportunity’ (2005) 14 (3) European Security, 361, 373. On the ‘Europeanisation’ of Swedish defence policy, see C. Aguis, The Social Construction of Swedish Neutrality: Changes to Swedish Identity and Sovereignty (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2006) 188–198; S. Jones, The Rise of European Security Cooperation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007) 238. On the ‘Atlanticisation’ of CEE states, see A. Kapiszewski and C. Davis, ‘Poland’s Security and Trans-Atlantic Relations’, in T. Lansford and B. Tashev (eds), Old Europe, New Europe and the US (London: Routledge, 2005) 191–219; B. Tashev, ‘In Search of Security: Bulgaria’s Security Policy in Transition’ in T. Lansford and B. Tashev (eds), Old Europe, New Europe and the US (London: Routledge, 2005) 127–151.

7. M. Szymanski, ‘Polish Land Forces of the 21st Century’ (thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, 2004) 94.

8. T. Dyson, ‘Convergence and Divergence in Post-Cold War British, French and German Military Reforms: Between International Structure and Executive Autonomy’ (2008) 17 (4) Security Studies, 725, 731.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid. T. Dyson, Neoclassical Realism and Defence Reform in Post-Cold War Europe (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010); T. Dyson, ‘Defence Policy under the Labour Government: Operational Dynamism and Strategic Inertia’ (2011) 13 (2) British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 206; T. Dyson, ‘Managing Convergence: German Military Doctrine and Capabilities in the 21st Century’ (2011) 13 (2) Defence Studies, 244.

11. A. Krepinevic, Transforming the Legions (Washington: Centre for Strategic and Budgetary Assessment, 2004) 30.

12. E. Cohen, ‘Change and Transformation in Military Affairs’ (2004) 27 (3) Journal of Strategic Studies, 395.

13. P. Bratton, ‘France and the Revolution in Military Affairs’ (2002) 23 (2) Contemporary Security Policy, 87, 88; P. Morgan, ‘The Impact of the Revolution in Military Affairs’ (2000) 23 (1) Journal of Strategic Studies, 132, 133; S. Metz, ‘America’s Defence Transformation: A Conceptual and Political History’ (...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• List of Tables
• Acknowledgements
• List of Abbreviations
• Introduction: Why Eu Law and Ir Theory? Uncovering the Scope of European Defence Cooperation
• 2 The Legal Underpinnings of European Defence Cooperation
• 3 The Application of Eu Law in Defence Collaboration and Armament Procurement: Towards a More Systematic and Institutionalised Form of Cooperation
• 4 Theoretical Contestation On European Defence Cooperation
• 5 Explaining European Defence Cooperation: Neorealism and the Contradictory Imperatives of the International System
• 6 Conclusions: The Destination of European Defence Cooperation
• Notes
• Select Bibliography
• Index