Wahhābism

The History of a Militant Islamic Movement

Cole M. Bunzel

• Publisher: Princeton University Press
• Year: 2023
• Print ISBN: 9780691241616, 9780691241593
• eBook ISBN: 9780691241609
• Topic: Theology & Religion
• Subtopic: Middle Eastern History

An essential history of Wahh?bism from its founding to the Islamic State

In the mid-eighteenth century, a controversial Islamic movement arose in the central Arabian region of Najd that forever changed the political landscape of the Arabian Peninsula and the history of Islamic thought. Its founder, Mu?ammad ibn ?Abd al-Wahh?b, taught that most professed Muslims were polytheists due to their veneration of Islamic saints at tombs and gravesites. He preached that true Muslims, those who worship God alone, must show hatred and enmity toward these polytheists and fight them in jih?d. Cole Bunzel tells the story of Wahh?bism from its emergence in the 1740s to its taming and coopting by the modern Saudi state in the 1920s, and shows how its legacy endures in the ideologies of al-Q??ida and the Islamic State.

Drawing on a wealth of primary source materials, Bunzel traces the origins of Wahh?b? doctrine to the religious thought of medieval theologian Ibn Taymiyya and examines its development through several generations of Wahh?b? scholars. While widely seen as heretical and schismatic, the movement nonetheless flourished in central Arabia, spreading across the peninsula under the political authority of the ?l Su??d dynasty until the invading Egyptian army crushed it in 1818. The militant Wahh?b? ethos, however, persisted well into the early twentieth century, when the Saudi kingdom used Wahh?bism to bolster its legitimacy.

This incisive history is the definitive account of a militant Islamic movement founded on enmity toward non-Wahh?b? Muslims and that is still with us today in the violent doctrines of Sunni jih?d?s.

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Illustrations
• Maps and Figures
• Preface
• Note on Conventions
• Introduction
• 1. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb and His Discontents
• 2. The Doctrine of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb I: The Taymiyyan Background
• 3. The Doctrine of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb II: The Key Components
• 4. The Warpath of Early Wahhābism: The First Saudi State (1741–1818)
• 5. The Reassertion of Enmity: The Second Saudi State (1823–1887)
• 6. The Persistence of Enmity: The Rashīdī Interregnum (1887–1902)
• 7. The Decline of Enmity: The Rise of the Third Saudi State (1902–1932)
• Conclusion: The Fall and Rise of Militant Wahhābism
• Appendix
• Glossary
• Bibliography
• Index