Militias, States and Violence against Civilians

Civic Vice, Civic Virtue

Paul Lorenzo Johnson, William Wittels, Paul Lorenzo Johnson, William Wittels

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2023
• Print ISBN: 9781032122816
• eBook ISBN: 9781000870503
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Politics & International Relations
• Subtopic: Military & Maritime History
• Index: Politics & International Relations

This book examines the conditions under which the presence and use of militias result in an increase or a decrease in violence against civilians in intra-state conflicts.

Showcasing the breadth and diversity of modern militias in the context of violence against civilians, the volume addresses the predation and repression that many such groups are infamous for, as well as increasingly important efforts by other militias at civilian protection in war-torn settings. The chapters examine militias from around the world, drawing on both qualitative and quantitative methods as they cover groups as varied as gangs, death squads, grassroots community-defense groups, official state militias, and party-sponsored armies – groups on the "civic vice" side, the "civic virtue" side, and the wide and mixed in-between space where most cases fall.

Taken as a cohesive unit, the work lays the foundation for an encompassing theory and interrogation of the causal chain between militia type and operating context and the levels of violence against civilians. It provides path-breaking theory-building and empirical scholarship. Policymakers and national security practitioners dealing with issues relating to armed groups will also benefit from the practical issues covered here, such as how different forms of sponsorship and training affect militia behavior.

This book will be of interest to students of civil wars, political violence, counterinsurgency, civil-military relations, and security studies in general.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• List of Contributors
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Pro-regime militias
• 3 Civilian defense forces and violence against civilians
• 4 State–militia relations and repression
• 5 Science and epistemology as territory in conflict: the U.S. occupation and violence against academics in Iraq
• 6 Violence against civilians and the legitimacy of community-based armed groups in Kenya and Haiti
• 7 The YPJ of northeast Syria and the socialization of restraint toward civilians: Jin, Jiyan, Azadi
• 8 Conclusion: the study of militias and violence: where to go from here?
• Index