The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Vol. IX

Africa for the Africans June 1921-December 1922

Marcus Garvey, Robert Abraham Hill

• Publisher: University of California Press
• Year: 2023
• Print ISBN: 9780520202115
• eBook ISBN: 9780520342309
• Edition: 1
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: African History
• Index: History

"Africa for the Africans" was the name given in Africa to the extraordinary black social protest movement led by Jamaican Marcus Mosiah Garvey (1887-1940). Volumes I-VII of the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers chronicled the Garvey movement that flourished in the United States during the 1920s. Now, the long-awaited African volumes of this edition (Volumes VIII and IX and a forthcoming Volume X) demonstrate clearly the central role Africans played in the development of the Garvey phenomenon. The African volumes provide the first authoritative account of how Africans transformed Garveyism from an external stimulus into an African social movement. They also represent the most extensive collection of documents ever gathered on the early African nationalism of the inter-war period. Here is a detailed chronicle of the spread of Garvey's call for African redemption throughout Africa and the repressive colonial responses it engendered. Volume VIII begins in 1917 with the little-known story of the Pan-African commercial schemes that preceded Garveyism and charts the early African reactions to the UNIA. Volume IX continues the story, documenting the establishment of UNIA chapters throughout Africa and presenting new evidence linking Garveyism and nascent Namibian nationalism.
"Africa for the Africans" was the name given in Africa to the extraordinary black social protest movement led by Jamaican Marcus Mosiah Garvey (1887-1940). Volumes I-VII of the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers chroni

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• CONTENTS
• PHOTOGRAPHS
• ILLUSTRATIONS
• MAPS
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• EDITORIAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
• TEXTUAL DEVICES
• SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
• CHRONOLOGY
• W. E. B. Du Bois to Charles Evans Hughes,1 U.S. Secretary of State
• Henri Jaspar, Minister of Foreign Affairs, to Baron Emile de Cartier de Marchienne, Belgian Ambassador to the U.S.
• Joseph L. Johnson, U.S. Minister Resident and Consul General, Monrovia, to Charles Evans Hughes
• Cyril A. Crichlow, UNIA Resident Secretary, to Marcus Garvey
• Joseph L. Johnson to the U.S. Secretary of State
• John C. Wiley, Division of Western European Affairs, U.S. Department of State, to William L. Hurley1
• Leon E. Howe,1 Special Agent, Bureau of Investigation, to Howard P. Wright,2 Special Agent in Charge, Jacksonville, Florida
• Baron Emile de Cartier de Marchienne to Henri Jaspar
• Henri Jaspar to Baron Emile de Cartier de Marchienne
• Roland Jacquin de Margerie,1 French Ambassador to Belgium, to Aristide Briand,2 President of the Council of Ministers
• Henri Jaspar to Louis Franck, Minister of Colonies
• Open Letter from C. D. B. King in the Crisis
• E. G. Campbell, Acting Secretary, Gold Coast Branch, Society of Peoples of African Origin, to W. E. B. Du Bois
• Article in the Christian Express
• Supplementary Report from Cyril A. Crichlow to Marcus Garvey
• Cyril A. Crichlow to Marcus Garvey
• Charles Evans Hughes to the U.S. Consul, Barcelona, Spain
• Charles E. Hughes to W. E. B. Du Bois
• Baron Emile de Cartier de Marchienne to Henri Jaspar
• Editorial in Uniteteli wa Bantu
• Article in the Baltimore Afro-American1
• Report by U.S. Military Attaché1
• U.S. Immigration Department Interview with Gabriel M. Johnson, Mayor of Monrovia, UNIA Potentate and Supreme High Commissioner
• Joseph L. Johnson to the U.S. Secretary of State
• Article in LJAvenir Colonial Beige
• Unpublished Letter by John E. Bruce
• Excerpt from Speech by Marcus Garvey
• Article in Correio de Africa
• Archibald Johnson to the New York Age1
• G. Shepherd,1 British Consul General, Monrovia, to Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
• Martial-Henri Merlin, Governor-General of French West Africa, to Albert Sarraut, Minister of Colonies
• Editorial in Uniteteli wa Bantu
• Article in O Brado Africano
• Article in ABC1
• Negro World Report of UNIA Meeting
• Opening Convention Address by Gabriel M. Johnson
• Opening Convention Speech by Marcus Garvey
• Negro World Report
• Article in the African World
• R. C. F. Maugham,1 British Consul General, to the Governor-General of French West Africa
• A. S. W. Shackleford, President, Lagos UNIA Division, to John E. Bruce
• Article in Negro World
• Article in Correio de Africa
• Article by H. Selby Msimang' in Umteteli iva Bantu
• Report of the UNIA Convention
• Article in the African World
• Article in the Nigerian Pioneer
• Negro World Report by Rev. Joseph H. Davis, General Secretary, UNIA Division, Brewerville, Liberia
• Speech by Leopoldo de Sousa Neto1
• J. C. Lucan1 to William H. Ferris, Literary Editor, Negro World
• J. C. Lucan to W. E. B. Du Bois
• Report of a Conversation between Joseph Gaye1 and Abdou Cogna Diop, Chief of the Lebu
• Article in La Dépêche Coloniale et Maritime
• Article by Major Gustave Vervloet1 in Notre Colonie1
• Edward J. Brennan, Division Superintendent, Bureau of Investigation, New York City, to William J. Burns,1 Director of the Bureau, Washington, D.C.
• Article in Lu Dépêche Coloniale et Maritime
• Article in the African World
• Article in the London Times
• Article by J. B. Chinsman1 in the Negro World
• Article in La Dépêche Coloniale et Maritime
• Article in Le Matin
• Article in La Dépêche Coloniale et Maritime
• Speech by Marcus Garvey
• Martial-Henri Merlin to French Ambassador to the U.S.
• Article by Blaise Diagne, Deputy of Senegal, in La Depeche Coloniale et Maritime
• W. D. Cingo1 to the Kokstad Advertiser
• Austin D. Horton1 et al. to the New York Herald
• Article in the African World
• Article in the African World
• Report by P. K. K. Atiogbe of UNIA Meeting, Lüderitz, South West Africa
• R. S. Cope, Officer in Charge of Native Affairs,1 Windhoek, to the Officer in Charge of Native Affairs, Lüderitz
• Officer in Charge of Native Affairs, Lüderitz, to J. F. Herbst,1 Secretary for South West Africa
• Martial-Henri Merlin to Roland Jacquin de Margerie, French Ambassador to the U.S.
• Marcus Garvey to the New York Tribune
• Martial-Henri Merlin to Lieutenant Governors of Colonies
• Report by J. Saesar Allen, Secretary, UNIA Division, Cape Town, South Africa
• Article in Imprensa da Manda
• Article by Blaise Diagne in La Dépêche Coloniale et Maritime
• Article by Blaise Diagne in La Depeche Politique
• Samuel Margai1 to the Negro World
• Eduardo Baccari,1 Italian Ministry of Colonies, to the Ambassador to the U.S.
• L. Anwoke to the Negro World
• Article by Maurice Delafosse’ in La Depeche Coloniale et Maritime
• Cyril Crichlow to the U.S. Secretary of State
• Excerpt from Draft Memorandum1 by John Cooper Wiley
• Excerpt from Interview with Daudi Basade1
• Article in Avenir Colonial Belage
• Article in the African World
• Article by Arthur Brenez in L’Avenir Colonial Beige
• I.J.F.B. to the Negro World
• Article in Correio de Africa
• Article in Correio de Africa
• Article by Hilaire de Souza1 in Le Guide du Dahomey2
• Article in Umteteli wa Bantu
• Peter O. Daniels,1 UNIA Division, Cape Town, to the Pierro World
• Colonial Office Translation of Article by Josiel Lefela’ in Naie di1
• R. Petre, French Charge d’Affaires, Monrovia, to Aristide Briand
• Joshua Wilson to William H. Ferris
• J. C. Lucan to the Negro World
• Article in Congo
• Lieutenant Governor of Cote d’Ivoire1 to Martial-Henri Merlin
• “A Gold Coaster” to the Negro World
• Article in the Gold Coast Leader
• Editorial in the Gold Coast Leader
• Article by J. C. Lucan in the Negro World
• J. F. Herbst to C. Lewis Warner, Magistrate, Lüderitz
• UNIA Press Release Published in the Sierra Leone Weekly News
• B. Olikosie Thomas to Cyril V. Briggs
• A. B. Ackah to the Negro World
• Alexander van Rooyen to Cyril V. Briggs
• Unsigned Letter to the Negro World
• C. Lewis Warner to the Secretary for South West Africa, Swakopmund
• R. S. Cope to J. F. Herbst
• Isa Macdonald Lawrence1 to Rev. James E. East,2 Corresponding Secretary, Baptist Mission Board3
• A. J. Waters1, Acting Secretary of South West Africa, to Secretary for Native Affairs of South Africa
• J. Osman Oriyo to William H. Ferris
• Articles by Cyril A. Crichlow in the Crusader1
• Aaron Mungunda1 et al., UNIA Division, Windhoek, to the Mayor in Council, Windhoek
• Fitz Herbert Headly to the Negro World
• G. A. Godley, Secretary for Native Affairs, to the Secretary for South West Africa
• Article by Juvenal A. Lopes da C. Cabral1 in Correio de Africa
• Editorial in the Sierra Leone Weekly News
• Chief K. Takji to the Negro World
• Article in APO
• Marcus Garvey to Fitz Herbert Headly
• W. Scotland,1 Manager,
• Kweku Amissah to the Negro World
• Fitz Herbert Headly to Mr. Barnabas, Herero Headman1
• Fitz Herbert Headly to A. C. Warner, Resident Magistrate, Lüderitz
• Article in the African World1
• Article in APO
• A. J. Waters to W. Scotland
• Article in Congo
• Samuel M. Bennett Ncwana
• Raul de Oliveira1 to Correio de Africa
• Article in O Brado Africano
• Report of Cape Town UNIA Meeting
• Article in the Sierra Leone Echo and Law Chronicle
• Article in APO
• Major W. H. Cowles, Military Intelligence Division, to William J. Burns
• Report of Claremont1 (Cape Town) UNIA Meeting
• Capt. G. Stadler,1 Belgian Consul General, to Sir George Smith, Governor of Nyasaland
• Letter from Peter Maranga
• Executive Officers, UNIA Division, Windhoek, to Gysbert Reitz Hofmeyr,1 Administrator of South West Africa
• B. Tagoe to the Negro World
• Nicholas Arnold, Secretary-General, Belgian Ministry of Colonies, to Henri Jaspar
• Claude McKay1 to Leon Trotsky
• A. J. Waters to the Magistrate, Lüderitz
• Article in APO
• Winston S. Churchill,1 British Secretary of State for the Colonies, to Sir Hugh Clifford, Governor of Nigeria
• Article in the Cape Times
• Baron Emile de Cartier de Marchienne to Henri Jaspar
• Article in the South African Outlook1
• Duse Mohamed Ali to William E. G. Sekyi1
• “Kimberley Reader” to APO
• Major C. Thomas Forsbrook, Acting Magistrate, Rehoboth,1 to A. J. Waters
• Sir George Smith to G. Stadler
• C. Thomas Forsbrook to A. J. Waters
• Excerpts from Speech by Marcus Garvey
• C. Lewis Warner to Secretary for South West Africa
• A. J. Waters to C. Thomas Forsbrook
• Order of Governor in Council
• W. F. Gowers,1 Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Provinces,2 Nigeria, to the Secretary of Government, Lagos
• Anonymous Letter to the Negro World
• Article in the Negro World
• Lieutenant Officer in Charge, CID, to the Secretary for South West Africa
• Sir Hugh Clifford to Winston S. Churchill
• Editorial in the Nigerian Pioneer
• Statement by Rev. August Kuhlmann,1 Rhenish Mission Society2
• Fitz Herbert Headly to the Negro World
• Acting Secretary for South West Africa to the Secretary for Native Affairs, Pretoria
• Article in Congo
• Major-General Sir Edward Northey,1 Governor of Kenya, to Winston S. Churchill
• Georges Alsace,1 Secretary-Archivist of Chamber of Commerce of Saint-Louis, Senegal, to President, Bordeaux Colonial Institute2
• E. Costley White, Acting Chief Secretary of Nyasaland, to Resident Commissioners1
• Louis-Jacques-Auguste Fousset,1 Acting Lieutenant Governor of Upper Volta, to Governor-General of French West Africa
• Minutes of the Inaugural Meeting of the Dakar UNIA Branch
• A. J. Henry to the Negro World
• Albert Sarraut to President of the Council
• Albert Sarraut to French Colonial Governors
• Martial-Henri Merlin to Lieutenant Governor of Dahomey
• James Manning, Director of Posts and Telegraphs, to Secretary for South West Africa
• W Schulz, Acting Magistrate, Swakopmund, to Secretary for South West Africa
• Major Stephens, Chief Commissioner of Police, to the Chief Secretary for Nyasaland
• W. Schulz to Secretary for South West Africa
• A. J. Waters to Magistrate of Swakopmund
• Sir Robert T. Coryndon, Governor of Uganda Protectorate, to Winston S. Churchill
• Article in Congo by Charles Du Bus de Warnaffe'
• Wilfrid A. Wilson et al., Rufisque’ UNIA Branch, to Secretary-General of the UNIA
• Eduardo Baccari to Carlo Schanzer,1 Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Jean Pourroy, Chief Police Superintendent, to Louis Aujas,1 Delegate (Deputy Governor) of Senegal
• Louis Aujas to Pierre Jean Henri Didelot, Lieutenant Governor of Senegal
• Pierre Jean Henri Didelot to Louis Aujas
• Louis Aujas to Pierre Jean Henri Didelot
• Nicholas Arnold to Henri Jaspar
• S. O. Logemoh to John E. Bruce
• C. N. Manning,1 Native Commissioner of South West Africa, to Private Secretary
• Intercepted Letter from John Henry Farmer to Randall1
• R C. F. Maugham to Governor of the Gambia1
• Pierre Jean Henri Didelot to Cercle Commandant of Tivaouane1
• Pierre Jean Henri Didelot to Cercle Commandant of Diourbel1
• Article in the African Messenger
• Henri Jaspar to Belgian Legation, Washington, D.C.
• Louis Aujas to Pierre Jean Henri Didelot
• R J. Ndimande,1 UNIA Division, Cape Town, to the Negro World
• R. C. F. Maugham to Chief of Police of the Gambia
• Marcus Garvey to Albert Sarraut
• Sir George Smith to G. Stadler
• Wilfrid A. Wilson to John Henry Farmer
• Article by Louis Goulut in L’Eveil Colonial1
• A. S. Paterson,1 Acting British Consul General, Monrovia, to Acting Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
• Pierre Jean Henri Didelot to Louis Aujas
• Louis Aujas to Pierre Jean Henri Didelot
• Florent de Sélys-Fanson, Belgian Charge d’Affaires, Washington, D.C., to Henri Jaspar
• Cecil H. Armitage,1 Governor of the Gambia, to R. C. F. Maugham
• C. Thomas Forsbrook to A. J. Waters
• Article in the Nigerian Pioneer
• Marcel Olivier,1 Acting Governor-General of French West Africa, to Ministry of Colonies
• Pierre Jean Henri Didelot to Marcel Olivier
• Open Letter from Blaise Diagne to Marcus Garvey
• Nicholas Arnold to Henri Jaspar
• Blaise Diagne to French President of Council, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Pierre Jean Henri Didelot to Governor-General of French West Africa
• Marcel Olivier to Pierre Jean Henri Didelot
• Native Commissioner, South West Africa, to A. J. Waters
• Police Statement by Wilfrid A. Wilson
• Police Statement by John Henry Farmer
• Police Statement by Isaac Sylvanus Doherty
• Sir Edward Northey to Winston S. Churchill
• Florent de Sélys-Fanson to Henri Jaspar
• Marcus Garvey to the League of Nations
• Speech by Marcus Garvey
• Marcel Olivier to Lieutenant Governor of French Sudan
• Eduardo Baccari to Carlo Schanzer
• W. Evans, Head Constable, to Divisional Officer, Cape Town CID
• Director of Political and Administrative Affairs of French West Africa to Louis Aujas
• Thomas Jean Duke to the Governor-General of French West Africa
• Marcel Olivier to Albert Sarraut
• Florent de Sélys-Fanson to Henri Jaspar
• Pierre Jean Didelot to Governor-General of French West Africa
• P. A. Woodley, Native Affairs Officer, Lüderitz, to Secretary of South West Africa
• J. P. Williams1 to the Negro World
• F. Carpot to Governor-General of French West Africa
• M. M. Martyn et al. to the Negro World
• Police Commissioner to Secretary for Justice of South Africa
• Police Statement by Francis G. Browne
• Marcel Olivier to Albert Sarraut
• R. C. F. Maugham to George Nathaniel Curzon, British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
• Florent de Sélys-Fanson to Henri Jaspar
• Director of Political Affairs, Ministry of Colonies, to Governor-General of French West Africa
• French Intelligence Report
• Rev. Henry C. McDowell1 to Rev. Johnson2
• Marcel Olivier to Lieutenant Governor of Senegal
• Carlo Schanzer to the Italian Ministry of Colonies
• A. Earnsure Johnson to the Negro World
• Editorial in Ryan)s Weekly1
• Report by Pierre Jean Henri Didelot to Governor-General of French West Africa
• Fred W. Henley, Acting Magistrate of Okahandja, to A. J. Waters
• Francesco Saverio Caroselli,1 Ministry of Colonies, to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• P. A. Woodley to A. J. Waters
• A. G. Drake, CID, South West Africa, to Commanding Officer, Windhoek CID
• Article in the New York World1
• Victor Augagneur to Albert Sarraut
• Affidavit by Thomas Joseph Duke
• Florent de Sélys-Fanson to Henri Jaspar
• Police Statement by Alpha Tairou1 Renner
• Henri Jaspar to Paul Hymans,1 Belgian Delegate to the League of Nations
• M. Liebert, French Consul General, New York City, to Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Henri Jaspar to P. Le Tellier,1 Belgian Charge d’Affaires, London2
• Octave Louwers, Advisor, Ministry of Colonies, to Mr. de Namarh
• Report by David Ngxiki to South West Africa Police
• Statement by August Kuhlmann to South West Africa Police
• C. N. Manning to A. J. Waters
• Petition of John Henry Farmer et al. to George Nathaniel Curzon
• C. N. Manning, Secretary for South West Africa, to the Administrator
• Article by J. B. Chinsman in the Negro World
• Report by Head Constable Callaghan, Omaruru, South West Africa
• Article in O Século1
• Article by Maurice Liebert in La Dépêche Coloniale et Maritime
• C. N. Manning to A. J. Waters
• Post Commander, South West Africa Police, Karibib, to Magistrate, Karibib
• Report of Native Corporal Jacob, South West Africa Police
• Duke of Devonshire, Minister of Colonies, to Sir Arthur Frederick,1 High Commissioner2 and Governor-General of South Africa
• J. J. Dewitt to Secretary for South West Africa
• Statement by John Retsang, South West Africa Police
• Article in the Liberian Methodist
• R. C. F. Maugham to Governor-General of French West Africa
• Ugo Niccoli,1 Ministry of Colonies, to Colonial Governors at Asmara and Mogadishu
• Memorandum by R. S. Cope to Secretary for South West Africa
• Fred W. Henley to Secretary for South West Africa
• Minute from the Office of the Governor-General of South Africa
• South West Africa Police Report on UNIA Activities in Lüderitz
• H. Hall Hall, British Consul General, Lourenço Marques, to Governor-General of South Africa
• Speech by Marcus Garvey
• Intercepted Letter from Fitz Herbert Headly to Joseph Hailand
• Arthur Frederick to H. Hall Hall
• Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Minister of Colonies
• Memorandum by Arthur Frederick
• Interview with Blaise Diagne in UEcho de Paris1
• Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey in the Negro World
• R. S. Cope to Secretary for South West Africa
• Ugo Niccoli to Colonial Governors at Asmara and Mogadishu
• Ugo Niccoli to Colonial Governors at Asmara and Mogadishu
• Ugo Niccoli to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Luigi Federzoni,1 Italian Ministry of Colonies, to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Article in the New York Times
• E. C. F. Garraway, Resident Commissioner of Basutoland, to High Commissioner for South Africa
• R. S. Cope to Secretary for South West Africa
• C. Thomas Forsbrook to the Secretary for South West Africa
• H. J. Stanley,1 Imperial Secretary, to the Secretary to the Governor-General of South Africa
• Arthur Frederick to the Duke of Devonshire
• E. C. F. Garraway to Arthur Frederick
• Georges Bouet, French Charge d’Affaires, Monrovia, to Martial-Henri Merlin
• Excerpt from Government Intelligence Report
• INDEX