The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Vol. IV
eBook - ePub

The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Vol. IV

September 1921-September 1922

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eBook - ePub

The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Vol. IV

September 1921-September 1922

About this book

The fourth volume of the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers marks the period of deepening crisis in the UNIA's political and economic fortunes. After September of 1921, membership declined and morale in the UNIA began to weaken. Underlying it all, however, was the final failure of the Black Star Line that resulted when negotiations with the United States Chipping Board for the purchase of the long proposed African ship collapsed in March 1922. The movement also suffered a major setback when the first Liberian colonization plan aborted in the summer of 1921.   On the political front, Garvey's African program had to compete with W.E.B. Du Bois's Second Pan-African Congress. The were also major shifts in Garvey's political strategy during this period, his speeches reflecting a desire to placate the U.S. government, while simultaneously assailing his lef-wing critics for promoting "social equality." This disavowal of radicalism earned him further enemies on the left. One of his chief black critics, Cyril V. Briggs, the leader of the African Blood Brotherhood, unwittingly supplied federal investigators with evidence that led to Garvey's indictment on charges of mail fraud in February 1922.   By prosecuting him, however, the Department of Justice did not discredit Garvey in the eyes of his followers; rather, it temporarily strengthened his hold over the movement as the appearance of persecution intensified the loyalty of the UNIA membership. But later in 1922 Garvey did lose favor among many of his followers when it was disclosed that he had met secretly in Atlanta with the Acting Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. What Garvey had thought was a diplomatic triumph proved instead to be anathema to most blacks.   At the Third UNIA Convention in 1922, Garvey repudiated the entire executive council of the UNIA, while expressing his anger of "plots" against him from within the UNIA leadership.  Loyalty to Garvey thus became a more urgent issue than ever before. But although Garvey was once again able to silence his critics within the UNIA, the price was to be a badly fractured and demoralized movement. At the same time, his political adversaries outside the UNIA were steadily gaining ground against him.   As meticulously documented as the three previous volumes, Volume IV provides the first extended record of Garvey's emergent social philosophy, particularly as it relates to his conception of "racial purity" and the metaphysics of the human condition. It stands as an impressive record of the Garvey movement.


The fourth volume of the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers marks the period of deepening crisis in the UNIA's political and economic fortunes. After September of 1921, membership declined and morale in the UNIA began to weak

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Information

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Title
  3. Copyright
  4. CONTENTS
  5. ILLUSTRATIONS
  6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  7. INTRODUCTION
  8. EDITORIAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
  9. TEXTUAL DEVICES
  10. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
  11. CHRONOLOGY
  12. Edward J. Brennan to William J. Burns, Director, Bureau of Investigation
  13. Enclosure
  14. Report by Bureau Agent F. M. Ames
  15. William J. Burns to W. B. Matthews, Bureau of Investigation
  16. Frank Burke to A. J. Frey, United States Shipping Board
  17. Henry C. Von Struve, U.S. Consul, Antilla, Cuba, to the Black Star Line, New York
  18. Marcus Garvey’s Declaration of Intention to Become a United States Citizen
  19. VE. R. Conners, Master, S.S. Kanawha, to Henry C. Von Struve
  20. Enclosure
  21. PAY ROLL—S.S. KANAWHA
  22. Marcus Garvey to Sir Eric Drummond,1 Secretary-General, League of Nations
  23. L. B. Weeks, Acting Chief of Staff for Military Intelligence, to the Director, Military Intelligence Division
  24. Report by Special Agent p.138
  25. Report by Special Agent J. T. Flournoy
  26. Report by Bureau Agent H. J. Lenon
  27. Henry C. Von Struve to the Black Star Line, New York
  28. African Redemption Fund List
  29. Letter by Marcus Garvey for the African Redemption Fund
  30. Report by Special Agent J. G. Tucker
  31. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  32. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  33. J. Harry Philbin to the United States Shipping Board
  34. William L. Hurley to Sheldon Whitehouse,1 United States Embassy, Paris
  35. William J. Burns to Edward J. Brennan
  36. Report by Bureau Agent Adrian L. Potter
  37. Report by Special Agent Edward Anderson
  38. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  39. Meeting Announcement
  40. Article in the New York Evening Post
  41. Report by Bureau Agent W. S. Bachman
  42. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  43. Negro Factories Corporation Advertisement
  44. Negro Factories Corporation Stock Certificate
  45. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  46. Emanuel McDonald to the Negro World
  47. Promissory Note from Marcus Garvey to Thomas Phillips
  48. Report by Bureau Agent Adrian L. Potter
  49. Bureau of Investigation Report
  50. Marcus Garvey to the Editor, New York Tribune
  51. Report by Bureau Agent H. J. Lenon
  52. Open Letter from Cyril V. Briggs to William H. Ferris, Literary Editor, Negro World
  53. Report by Bureau Agent Adrian L. Potter
  54. Albert A. Zink, et al. v. Black Star Line, Incorporated
  55. Black Star Line to Henry C. Von Struve
  56. Black Star Line to A. D. Lasker, United States Shipping Board
  57. Ralph V. Sollitt, Assistant to the Chairman, United States Shipping Board, to the Black Star Line
  58. George F. Ruch to W. W. Grimes,1 Bureau of Investigation
  59. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  60. Enclosure
  61. Marcus Garvey to Henry C. Von Struve
  62. Report by Special Agent J. G. Tucker
  63. Article by James Weldon Johnson
  64. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  65. William H. Ferris to Cyril V. Briggs
  66. Report by Special Agent 850
  67. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  68. Cyril A. Crichlow to Charles Evans Hughes
  69. Editorial by Marcus Garvey
  70. Report by Special Agent J. G. Tucker
  71. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  72. Marcus Garvey to Henry C. Von Struve
  73. Elmer Schlesinger, General Counsel, United States Shipping Board, to Clifford W. Smith
  74. Elmer Schlesinger to J. Harry Philbin
  75. Article in the Freeman
  76. Negro World Notices
  77. Report by Special Agent J. G. Tucker
  78. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  79. George F. Ruch to J. Edgar Hoover
  80. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  81. Enclosure
  82. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  83. Negro World Notice
  84. William J. Burns to William L. Hurley
  85. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  86. Albert A. Zink, et al. v.
  87. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  88. Marcus Garvey to Bishop George Alexander McGuire
  89. Bishop George Alexander McGuire to Marcus Garvey
  90. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  91. Article in the Washington Bee
  92. Article in the California Eagle
  93. The People of the State of New York v. Marcus Garvey
  94. Article in the Amsterdam News
  95. Enclosure
  96. Article in the Washington Bee
  97. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  98. G. T. Charlton and J. T. Crone, to the United States Supervising Inspector
  99. Article by W. A. Domingo
  100. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  101. George B. Christian, Jr., Secretary to President Warren G. Harding, to Marcus Garvey
  102. Marcus Garvey to W. E. B. Du Bois
  103. George F. Ruch to J. Edgar Hoover
  104. W. W. Grimes to J. Edgar Hoover
  105. Article in the California Eagle
  106. J. Bompart, Secretary to the President of France, to Marcus Garvey
  107. Franklin Lee Terry to James Weldon Johnson
  108. J. Edgar Hoover to W. W. Grimes
  109. Marcus Garvey to the Secretary, International Conference on Disarmament
  110. Report by Special Agent J. G. Tucker
  111. Article in the California Eagle
  112. Emanuel McDonald to the Negro World
  113. Speeches by Marcus Garvey
  114. Article in the Amsterdam News
  115. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  116. Marcus Garvey to J. R. Ralph Casimir
  117. T. G. W. Paul to Marcus Garvey
  118. Report by Bureau Agent A. A. Hopkins
  119. J. Edgar Hoover to George F. Ruch
  120. Report by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  121. J. Edgar Hoover to William J. Burns
  122. Enclosure
  123. Enclosure
  124. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  125. Enclosure
  126. Report by Special Agent J. G. Tucker
  127. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  128. Report by Special Agent J. T. Flournoy
  129. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  130. Editorial by William H. Ferris
  131. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  132. Article in the Negro World
  133. R. R. Moton to Marcus Garvey
  134. Editorial in the Crusader
  135. Crusader Front Page
  136. A. A. Maney to James Weldon Johnson
  137. Retraction by the Negro World
  138. Article in the New York News
  139. J. J. Hannigan, Commandant, Twelfth Naval District, to the Director, Office of Naval Intelligence
  140. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  141. Enclosure
  142. Meeting Announcement
  143. William J. Burns to Rush D. Simmons, Chief Inspector, Post Office Department
  144. Court Order to Sell the S.S. Yarmouth
  145. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  146. Report by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  147. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  148. Elmer Schlesinger to Joseph P. Nolan
  149. Joseph P. Nolan to Elmer Schlesinger
  150. Memorandum by W. W. Grimes
  151. Negro World Announcement
  152. Report by Special Agent J. G. Tucker
  153. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  154. William J. Burns to David H. Blair, Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service
  155. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  156. Negro World Front Page
  157. Articles in the Negro World
  158. Negro World Advertisement
  159. Christmas Message from Sir Harry H.
  160. William Pickens to the Negro World
  161. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  162. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  163. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  164. Enclosure
  165. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  166. MEETING ANNOUNCEMENT
  167. Alice Woodby McKane to Herbert J. Seligman
  168. Report by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  169. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  170. Report by Special Agent J. G. Tucker
  171. Christmas Message by Marcus Garvey
  172. J. J. Hannigan to the Director, Office of Naval Intelligence
  173. Herbert J. Seligman to Alice Woodby McKane
  174. Anonymous Letter to Harry Daugherty
  175. Article in the Nation
  176. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  177. Statement by Marcus Garvey1
  178. Statement by UNIA
  179. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  180. UNIA Petition to the Speaker and Congress of the United States
  181. J. Harry Philbin to the Treasurer, United States Shipping Board
  182. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  183. Report by Special Agent J. G. Tucker
  184. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  185. J. J. Hannigan to the Director, Office of Naval Intelligence
  186. Complaint Against Marcus Garvey
  187. Prepared Statement1 and Speech by Marcus Garvey on His Arrest
  188. Articles in the New York World
  189. GARVEY ACCLAIMED AS “PRINCE OF MEN” BY 1,000 BACKERS
  190. Marcus Garvey to Edgar West1
  191. Report by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  192. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  193. Open Letter from the New York UNIA Local
  194. J. Edgar Hoover to William J. Burns
  195. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  196. Gloster Armstrong, British Consul General, to the Secretary, United States Shipping Board
  197. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  198. Oliver B. Williamson to Rush D. Simmons
  199. Report by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  200. Enclosures Statement of Orlando M. Thompson
  201. Statement of Elie Garcia
  202. Statement of James D. Brooks
  203. Statement of Capt. J. W. Jones
  204. Statement of Frederick A. Toote
  205. Statement of George Tobias
  206. Statement of Hubert H. Harrison
  207. Report by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  208. James Weldon Johnson to Marcus Garvey
  209. Marcus Garvey to James Weldon Johnson
  210. Anonymous Letter to the Department of Justice
  211. Report by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  212. Edward J. Brennan to William J. Burns
  213. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  214. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  215. Report of Brooklyn UNIA Meetings
  216. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  217. Enclosure
  218. Enclosure
  219. William J. Burns to Edward J. Brennan
  220. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  221. Salary List by Marcus Garvey
  222. Reports by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  223. J. J. Hannigan to the Director, Office of Naval Intelligence
  224. Bureau of Investigation Report
  225. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  226. Report by Bureau Agent Harold Nathan
  227. Ganesh Rao to the Editor, Negro World
  228. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  229. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  230. A. W. Bennett to the Crisis
  231. First Indictment of Marcus Garvey, Elie Garcia, George Tobias, and Orlando M. Thompson
  232. John E. Bruce to J. R. Ralph Casimir
  233. Report by Special Agent J. G. Tucker
  234. Report by Bureau Agent W. L. Buchanan
  235. Report by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  236. Associated Negro Press Report
  237. UNIA Circular Letter
  238. Bureau of Investigation Report
  239. Report by Bureau Agent Emil A. Solanka
  240. E. Powis Jones, Assistant Counsel, to Sanford H. E. Freund, Chief Counsel, United States Shipping Board
  241. E. Powis Jones to Sanford H. E. Freund
  242. Report by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  243. Enclosure
  244. Enclosure
  245. Report by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  246. Enclosure
  247. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  248. Enclosure
  249. Enclosure
  250. Enclosure
  251. Enclosure
  252. Sanford H. E. Freund to the Ship Sales Division, United States Shipping Board
  253. Editorial in the Christian Recorder
  254. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  255. Article in the Negro World
  256. Thomas P. Merrilees to William J. Burns
  257. Enclosure
  258. Marcus Garvey to David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Great Britain
  259. Marcus Garvey to Albert D. Lasker
  260. Marcus Garvey to Albert D. Lasker
  261. William J. Burns to J. W. H. Crim, Assistant Attorney General
  262. Enclosure
  263. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  264. Dusé Mohamed Ali to W. E. B. Du Bois
  265. Wilbur J. Carr, Director, Consular Service, Department of State, to William J. Burns
  266. Enclosure
  267. Enclosure
  268. Enclosure
  269. Meeting Announcement
  270. Article in the New York Sun
  271. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  272. Dusé Mohamed Ali to R. R. Moton
  273. O. M. Thompson to the United States Shipping Board
  274. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  275. Secretary of W. E. B. Du Bois to Dusé Mohamed Ali
  276. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  277. J. Harry Philbin to Sanford H. E. Freund
  278. Frank Burke to J. Edgar Hoover
  279. Bureau of Investigation Report
  280. Statement by Marcus Garvey
  281. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  282. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  283. Marcus Garvey to Albert Beacon Fall,1 Secretary of the Interior
  284. Marcus Garvey to Giovanni Amendola, Italian Secretary of State for the Colonies1
  285. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  286. E. Powis Jones to Sanford H. E. Freund
  287. A. Rudolph Silverston to the United States Shipping Board
  288. Report by Special Agent Mortimer J. Davis
  289. UNIA Convention Fund Announcement
  290. Sanford H. E. Freund to J. Harry Philbin
  291. William J. Burns to Frank Burke
  292. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  293. Enclosure
  294. E. Powis Jones to Sanford H. E. Freund
  295. W. E. B. Du Bois to D. J. Steyn-Parve, Consul General for the Netherlands, New York
  296. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  297. Report of the Office of Naval Intelligence
  298. Marcus Garvey to William Pickens
  299. List of Contributors to African Redemption Fund
  300. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  301. William H. Beck to Marcus Garvey
  302. Report by Special Agent James E. Amos
  303. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  304. Enclosure
  305. John E. Bruce to Charles Evans Hughes
  306. Article by E. Ethelred Brown
  307. Marcus Garvey to President Warren G. Harding
  308. Marcus Garvey to Sir Eric Drummond
  309. Report by Special Agent James E. Amos
  310. J. J. Hannigan to the Director, Office of Naval Intelligence
  311. Confidential Informant 800 to George F. Ruch
  312. Enclosure
  313. J. Harry Philbin to Sanford H. E. Freund
  314. Marcus Garvey to President Warren G. Harding
  315. Marcus Garvey to Nicholas Murray Butler
  316. Meeting Announcement
  317. R. B. Moseley, UNIA Commissioner for Texas, to Marcus Garvey
  318. Telegrams from Marcus Garvey to the Chairman, Liberty Hall
  319. William Pickens to H. Claude Hudson1
  320. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  321. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  322. J. J. Hannigan to the Director, Office of Naval Intelligence
  323. George B. Christian, Jr., to Marcus Garvey
  324. Nicholas Murray Butler to Marcus Garvey
  325. Article in the Negro World by L. Mann
  326. EASON TELLS OF INTERVIEW WITH SENATOR MCCALLUM
  327. V. Koreshkov to William H. Ferris, Literary Editors, Negro World
  328. J. J. Hannigan, to the Director, Office of Naval Intelligence
  329. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  330. Royal Italian Ministry of External Affairs to the General Director for Political Affairs, Royal Italian Ministry of the Colonies
  331. J. J. Hannigan, to the Director, Office of Naval Intelligence
  332. Duse Mohamed Ali to R. R. Moton
  333. Marcus Garvey to the French Minister of the Colonies
  334. Cable by Marcus Garvey to Chairman, Liberty Hall
  335. Joseph P. Nolan to Sanford H. E. Freund
  336. Report by Bureau Agent J. Tolivar
  337. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  338. William C. Matthews to Sanford H. E. Freund
  339. Newspaper Article
  340. Marcus Garvey to C. V. Safford
  341. Reports by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  342. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  343. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  344. J. J. Hannigan to the Director, Office of Naval Intelligence
  345. Report by Special Agent James E. Amos
  346. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  347. Advertisement for the Negro Times
  348. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  349. Marcus Garvey to William Pickens
  350. R. Desmond St. Clair to the New York World
  351. Marcus Garvey to James Weldon Johnson
  352. Negro World Advertisement
  353. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  354. Report by Special Agent James E. Amos
  355. Article by William H. Ferris
  356. Marcus Garvey to Sir Eric Drummond
  357. Marcus Garvey to the League of Nations
  358. Enclosure
  359. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  360. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  361. William Pickens to Marcus Garvey
  362. W. E. B. Du Bois to Marcus Garvey
  363. Marcus Garvey to President Warren G. Harding
  364. Marcus Garvey to Charles Evans Hughes
  365. Report of UNIA Luncheon
  366. W. E. B. Du Bois to Albert D. Lasker
  367. Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
  368. Negro World Adver tisement
  369. Albert D. Lasker to W. E. B. Du Bois
  370. Editorial in the Messenger
  371. Messengeres Front Page
  372. Opening Speech by Gabriel M. Johnson, UNIA High Potentate
  373. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  374. Convention Brochure
  375. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  376. Article in the New York World
  377. Report by Special Agent James E. Amos
  378. Convention Reports
  379. Royal Italian Ministry of External Affairs to the General Director for Political Affairs, Royal Italian Ministry of the Colonies
  380. Meeting Announcement for the Friends of Negro Freedom
  381. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  382. Article in the New York Times
  383. Walter F. White to A. Philip Randolph
  384. Convention Reports
  385. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  386. J. Edgar Hoover to John B. Cunningham, Bureau of Investigation
  387. Advertisement for the Blackman
  388. Minutes by Various Officials of the League of Nations
  389. Speeches by Marcus Garvey and Robert L. Poston
  390. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  391. Article in the New York Call
  392. Convention Reports
  393. George B. Christian, Jr., to Marcus Garvey
  394. Walter F. White to Arthur B. Spingarn
  395. Convention Reports
  396. Report by Special Agent James E. Amos
  397. Article in the New York World
  398. Reports by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  399. Convention Report
  400. Notice in the Negro World
  401. Article in the Negro World
  402. Editorial in the Negro World
  403. Speech by Marcus Garvey
  404. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  405. Article in the New York Times
  406. William Pickens to J. Milton Batson
  407. Convention Report
  408. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  409. Convention Report
  410. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  411. Marcus Garvey to Sir Eric Drummond
  412. Report by Bureau Agent Adrian L. Potter
  413. Report by Special Agent James E. Amos
  414. Convention Reports
  415. Article in the Baltimore Afro-American
  416. Convention Report
  417. Royal Italian Ministry of External Affairs to the General Director for Political Affairs, Royal Italian Ministry of the Colonies
  418. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  419. Convention Reports
  420. Marcus Garvey to Sir Eric Drummond
  421. Special Agent R. B. Spencer to William J. Burns
  422. Convention Reports
  423. Giovanni Amendola, Italian Ministry of the Colonies, to the Royal Italian Ministry of External Affairs
  424. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  425. Convention Reports
  426. Report by Special Employee Andrew M. Battle
  427. Appendixes
  428. APPENDIX I Revisions to the Constitution and Book of Laws1
  429. APPENDIX II Delegates to the 1922 UNIA Convention
  430. APPENDIX III Delegates to the 1922 Convention Listed by Divisions
  431. APPENDIX IV Finances of the Black Star Line, Incorporated
  432. APPENDIX V Report of the UNIA Treasurer, 1 August 1921- 31 July 1922
  433. APPENDIX VI Marcus Garvey on the Ku Klux Klan
  434. INDEX