America Calling

A Social History of the Telephone to 1940

Claude S. Fischer

• Publisher: University of California Press
• Year: 2023
• Print ISBN: 9780520086470
• eBook ISBN: 9780520915008
• Edition: 1
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: North American History
• Index: History

The telephone looms large in our lives, as ever present in modern societies as cars and television. Claude Fischer presents the first social history of this vital but little-studied technology—how we encountered, tested, and ultimately embraced it with enthusiasm. Using telephone ads, oral histories, telephone industry correspondence, and statistical data, Fischer's work is a colorful exploration of how, when, and why Americans started communicating in this radically new manner.

Studying three California communities, Fischer uncovers how the telephone became integrated into the private worlds and community activities of average Americans in the first decades of this century. Women were especially avid in their use, a phenomenon which the industry first vigorously discouraged and then later wholeheartedly promoted. Again and again Fischer finds that the telephone supported a wide-ranging network of social relations and played a crucial role in community life, especially for women, from organizing children's relationships and church activities to alleviating the loneliness and boredom of rural life.

Deftly written and meticulously researched, America Calling adds an important new chapter to the social history of our nation and illuminates a fundamental aspect of cultural modernism that is integral to contemporary life.


The telephone looms large in our lives, as ever present in modern societies as cars and television. Claude Fischer presents the first social history of this vital but little-studied technology—how we encountered, tested, and ultimately embraced it with en

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Preface
• CHAPTER ONE Technology and Modern Life
• CHAPTER TWO The Telephone in America,
• CHAPTER THREE Educating the Public
• CHAPTER FOUR The Telephone Spreads: National Patterns
• CHAPTER F IVE The Telephone Spreads: Local Patterns
• CHAPTER SIX Becoming Commonplace
• CHAPTER SEVEN Local Attachment, 1890-1940
• CHAPTER EIGHT Personal Calls, Personal Meanings
• CHAPTER NINE Conclusion
• APPENDIX A Bibliographic Essay
• APPENDIX B Statistical Analyses of Telephone and Automobile Distribution
• APPENDIX C Telephone Subscription Among Iowa Farmers, 1924
• APPENDIX D Summary of Expenditure Studies by Household Income or Occupation
• APPENDIX E The 1918-1919 Cost of Living Study
• APPENDIX F Who Had the Telephone When?
• APPENDIX G Analysis of Advertisement Data
• APPENDIX H Statistical Analyses for Chapter 7
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index