Phase Diagrams of the Elements

David A. Young

• Publisher: University of California Press
• Year: 2023
• Print ISBN: 9780520074835
• eBook ISBN: 9780520911482
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Science General
• Index: Biological Sciences

The behavior of solid and liquid matter at high pressures and temperatures is best described in a phase diagram, which shows the regions of stability of different phases of the material. Thanks to the diamond-anvil cell, which has made possible much higher pressures, and to new and very accurate theoretical models and methods, Phase Diagrams of the Elements presents the most up-to-date information on the phase behavior of all the chemical elements from hydrogen to fermium.

The book summarizes, with the aid of tables and illustrations, the experimental data and the theoretical calculations. Each element is discussed in a separate section. Other chapters deal with methods, the liquid-vapor transition, and an overview of the elements. While comprehensively reviewing all that has been done in this important area, the author also points to questions that need much more experimental and theoretical work.


The behavior of solid and liquid matter at high pressures and temperatures is best described in a phase diagram, which shows the regions of stability of different phases of the material. Thanks to the diamond-anvil cell, which has made possible much highe

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• CONTENTS 1
• CHAPTER 1 Introduction
• CHAPTER 2 Experimental Methods 2.1 Introduction
• 2.1 Static High Pressure
• 2.3 Dynamic High Pressure
• 2.2 Isobaric Heating
• 2.5 Discussion
• CHAPTER 3 Theoretical Methods 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Electron-Band-Structure Calculations
• 3.3 Interaction Potentials
• 3.3 Statistical Models
• 3.4 Thermodynamics of Phase Transitions
• 3.6 Melting
• 3.5 Solid-Solid Transitions
• 3.6 Liquid-Liquid Transitions
• 3.7 Generalized Phase Diagrams
• 3.8 Extreme Conditions
• 3.9 Discussion
• CHAPTER 4 Hydrogen 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 The Low-Pressure Solid
• 4.3 High-Pressure Rotational Transition and Melting
• 4.4 The Metallic Phase
• 4.4 Discussion
• CHAPTER 5 The Group I Elements (The Alkali Metals) 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Lithium
• 5.3 Sodium
• 5.3 Potassium
• 5.5 Rubidium
• 5.4 Cesium
• 5.7 Francium
• 5.8 Discussion
• CHAPTER 6 The Group II Elements (The Alkaline-Earth Metals) 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Beryllium
• 6.3 Magnesium
• 6.4 Calcium
• 6.5 Strontium
• 6.6 Barium
• 6.7 Radium
• 6.8 Discussion
• CHAPTER 7 The Group III Elements 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Boron
• 7.3 Aluminum
• 7.3 Gallium
• 7.5 Indium
• 7.6 Thallium
• 7.7 Discussion
• CHAPTER 8 The Group IV Elements 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Carbon
• 8.3 Silicon
• 8.4 Germanium
• 8.5 Tin
• 8.6 Lead
• 8,7 Discussion
• CHAPTER 9 The Group V Elements 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Nitrogen
• 9.3 Phosphorus
• 9.4 Arsenic
• 9.5 Antimony
• 9.3 Bismuth
• 9.4 Discussion
• CHAPTER 10 The Group VI Elements 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Oxygen
• 10.3 Sulfur
• 10.4 Selenium
• 10-5 Tellurium
• 10.6 Polonium
• 10.7 Discussion
• CHAPTER 11 The Group VII Elements (The Halogens) 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Fluorine
• 11.3 Chlorine
• 11.4 Bromine
• 11.5 Iodine
• 11.3 Astatine
• 11.4 Discussion
• CHAPTER 12 The Group VIII Elements (The Rare Gases) 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Helium
• 12.3 Neon
• 12.3 Argon
• 12.4 Krypton
• 12,6 Xenon
• 12.7 Radon
• 12.8 Discussion
• CHAPTER 13 The Transition Metals 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 The Scandium Group
• 13.3 The Titanium Group
• 13.4 The Vanadium Group
• 13.5 The Chromium Group
• 13.6 The Manganese Group
• 13.7 The Iron Group
• 13.5 The Cobalt Group
• 13-9 The Nickel Group
• 13.10 The Copper Group
• 13.11 The Zinc Group
• 13.12 Discussion
• CHAPTER 14 The Lanthanides 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Lanthanum
• 14.3 Cerium
• 14.4 Praseodymium
• 14.5 Neodymium
• 14.6 Promethium
• 14.7 Samarium
• 14.8 Europium
• 14.9 Gadolinium
• 14.10 Terbium
• 14.11 Dysprosium
• 14.12 Holmium
• 14.13 Erbium
• 14.14 Thulium
• 14.15 Ytterbium
• 14.2 Lutetium
• 14.3 Discussion
• CHAPTER 15 The Actinides 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Actinium
• 15.3 Thorium
• 15.4 Protactinium
• 15.5 Uranium
• 15.6 Neptunium
• 15.7 Plutonium
• 15.8 Americium
• 15.9 Curium
• 15.6 Berkelium
• 15.7 Californium
• 15.8 Einsteinium
• 15.9 Fermium
• 15.10 The Heavy Actinides and Transactinides
• 15.11 Discussion
• CHAPTER 16 The Liquid-Vapor Transition 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Experimental
• 16.3 Theoretical
• 16.1 Discussion
• CHAPTER 17 Overview 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Equation of State
• 17.2 Crystal Structures
• 17.4 Melting and Vaporization
• 17,5 Corresponding States
• 17.6 Prospects
• APPENDIXES
• APPENDIX A Atomic Weight
• APPENDIX B Molar Volume
• APPENDIX C Bulk Modulus
• APPENDIX D Cohesive Energy
• APPENDIX E Melting Temperature
• ABBREVIATIONS
• INDEX