The Sudanese Zār Ṭumbura Cult

Slaves, Armies, Spirits and History

Gerasimos Makris

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2023
• ISBN:
  9781003802594
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Ciencias sociales
• Subtopic: Antropología

This book offers a historically sensitive ethnography of the z?r ?umbura spirit possession cult, associated with descendants of African slaves who live mainly in the area of Greater Khartoum, Sudan. It considers the history and transformations of ?umbura, from the 19th-century slaving era to the present post-Islamist autocracy. The chapters examine the ?umbura spiritual universe and ceremonial life, its relation to the more popular female cult of z?r bor? and to other now extinct forms of celebrating the z?r spirit(s), as well as ?umbura's combination of possession, sorcery, ancestor worship and ??f? piety. Based on long-term fieldwork, the study shows how successive generations of subaltern cult devotees construct a positive self-identity based on an alternative reading of Sudanese history. The author explores the edges of Sudanese Islamic religiosity and probes the limits of anthropological classifications concerning religious experience. Situating ?umbura in its wider context, the book discusses subaltern modes of historicity in their articulation with dominant conceptions of history, traces the legacy of slavery and the role of memory and invites comparisons with Middle Eastern, Sahelian and even New World societies regarding stigmatised identities, slavery, race, memory and history. It will be of interest to scholars of anthropology, history, religious studies, Islamic studies and African studies.