Separate But Equal

Maori Schools and the Crown 1867-1969

Jake Arthur, John Barrington

• Publisher: Te Herenga Waka University Press
• Year: 2024
• eBook ISBN: 9781776922529
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: History of Education
• Index: History

A system of government primary schools for Maori children created by Parliament in 1867 was regarded as a temporary measure until they learnt English and were Europeanised. But it lasted for 100 years despite criticisms of ' separatism' and ' pampering' of Maori. Official policies for the schools reflected European attitudes towards Maori, including the view that they were particularly suited to a practical, non-academic type of schooling leading to manual and domestic occupations. The policy of assimilation, designed to turn Maori into brown Europeans, was not modified until the 1930s when a cultural renaissance led by Apirana Ngata, combined with influences from anthropology and Britain' s African education policies, contributed to a limited form of bi-culturalism.

Table of contents

• Cover page
• Title page
• Copyright
• Contents
• Illustrations
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• 1 ‘Self-Help Schooling’: The Crown’s Primary Schools for Māori
• 2 Schooling for Assimilation and ‘Civilisation’
• 3 Assimilation Reinforced 1904–1930
• 4 Schooling Together: Pākehā Pupils in Native Schools
• 5 Learning ‘the dignity of manual labour’: The Māori Denominational Boarding Colleges 1881–1930
• 6 Māori Culture and Language: The Primary Schools 1930–1940
• 7 ‘The majority must remain in their own communities as farmers, labourers, mechanics, or in domestic duties’: Secondary Education 1930–1940
• 8 Māori Schools and the War: Effects and Expectations
• 9 ‘Second best schooling’? Māori District High Schools and Denominational Boarding Colleges 1940–1969
• 10 Final Decades: Māori Primary Schools to 1969
• 11 Separate No Longer: Education Department to Education Boards
• 12 Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Index