Letters from Home

The Creation of Diaspora in Jewish Antiquity

Malka Z. Simkovich

• Publisher: Eisenbrauns
• Year: 2024
• Print ISBN: 9781646022748
• eBook ISBN: 9781646022847
• Topic: Theology & Religion
• Subtopic: Ancient History

The announcement by the Persian king Cyrus following his conquest of Babylon in 539 BCE that exiled Judahites could return to their homeland should have been cause for celebration. Instead, it plunged them into animated debate. Only a small community returned and participated in the construction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. By the end of the sixth century BCE, they faced a theological conundrum: Had the catastrophic punishment of exile, understood as marking God's retribution for the people's sins, come to an end?

By the Hellenistic era, most Jews living in their homeland believed that life abroad signified God's wrath and rejection. Jews living outside of their homeland, however, rejected this notion. From both sides of the diasporic line, Jews wrote letters and speeches that conveyed the sense that their positions had ancient roots in Torah traditions. In this book, Malka Z. Simkovich investigates the rhetorical strategies—such as pseudepigraphy, ventriloquy, and mirroring—that Egyptian and Judean Jews incorporated into their writings about life outside the land of Israel, charting the boundary-marking push and pull that took place within Jewish letters in the Hellenistic era. Drawing on this correspondence and other contemporaneous writings, Simkovich argues that the construction of diaspora during this period—reinforced by some and negated by others—produced a tension that lay at the core of Jewish identity in the ancient world.

This book is essential reading for scholars and students of ancient Judaism and to laypersons interested in the questions of a Jewish homeland and Jewish diaspora.

Table of contents

• COVER Front
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Chapter 1: Sacred Writings and the Question of Exile
• Chapter 2: “A Letter They Did Not Send Us” : An Early Case Study of Judea- Diaspora Relations
• Chapter 3: The Judean Invention of the Diaspora
• Chapter 4: The Hellenistic Strategies of Jewish Letter Writers
• Chapter 5: “Open Your Heart to His Law” : Judean Letters to Egypt in 2 Maccabees 1:1–2:18
• Chapter 6: “For Those Living Abroad Who Wish to Gain Learning” : The Transformations of Esther and Ben Sira into Judean Correspondence
• Chapter 7: “There Is Open Shame upon Us” : Fantasies of Exile in the Letter of Baruch
• Chapter 8: “A Sign of Friendship and Love” : Fantasies of Judea in the Letter of Aristeas
• Chapter 9: “Boundless and Immeasurable Earth” :The Prayers of 3 Maccabees
• Acknowledgments
• Bibliography
• Index