Changing the Rules

The Politics of Liberalization and the Urban Informal Economy in Tanzania

Aili Mari Tripp

• Publisher: University of California Press
• Year: 2023
• Print ISBN:
  9780520327412
• Edition: 1
• eBook ISBN:
  9780520327436
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: African History
• Index: History

Changing the Rules: The Politics of Liberalization and the Urban Informal Economy in Tanzania provides a comprehensive examination of Tanzania's informal economy, highlighting its critical role as both a survival mechanism and a force for political and economic change. Amid the economic crises of the 1980s, Tanzanians increasingly turned to informal activities to bridge the vast gap between formal wages and the cost of living. This shift not only redefined economic participation but also challenged the statist and socialist frameworks that had dominated Tanzania's post-independence policies. The book explores how the informal economy reshaped dependencies, strengthened grassroots initiatives, and exerted pressure on the state to adapt through liberalization and reform. The study delves into the socio-political dynamics underlying this transformation, from the emergence of new economic practices to the state's reluctant acknowledgment of these activities. By documenting the interplay between everyday resistance and policy shifts, the book reveals how informal economic strategies undermined restrictive state norms and forced significant institutional changes. Through chapters that analyze household dynamics, gendered economic roles, and shifting state-society relations, the author presents a nuanced picture of how Tanzanians redefined survival and governance. This book is essential for understanding how grassroots economic adaptations can drive systemic transformation in developing nations. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1977.

Many titles in the Voices Revived program are also newly available as ebooks, offered at a discounted price to support wider access to scholarly work.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Illustrations
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Dar es Salaam in Transition
• 3 Shifting Boundaries of State Control
• 4 The Informal Economy and the Politics of Economic Reform
• 5 Informal Strategies for Survival
• 6 Everyday Forms of Resistance and Transformations of Economic Policy
• 7 From the Arusha Declaration to the Zanzibar Declaration
• 8 Conflicting Visions
• APPENDIX A Research Methods
• APPENDIX B Partial List of Interviews
• APPENDIX C Key Activities in Dar es Salaam’s Informal Economy
• APPENDIX D Rates for Small-Business Licenses in Dar es Salaam, 1988
• APPENDIX E Holders of Small-Business Licenses in Dar es Salaam, 1988
• Notes
• References
• Index