Influences of Road Surface Characteristics on Scattering Mechanisms in Automotive Radar
eBook - PDF

Influences of Road Surface Characteristics on Scattering Mechanisms in Automotive Radar

  1. 121 pages
  2. English
  3. PDF
  4. Available on iOS & Android
eBook - PDF

Influences of Road Surface Characteristics on Scattering Mechanisms in Automotive Radar

About this book

In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss von StraßenoberflĂ€chen und -materialien auf die Radar Streuung im automotiven Frequenzband von 77GHz untersucht. Sie umfasst alle ĂŒblicherweise auf deutschen Autobahnen verbauten Asphalt und Betontypen und unterscheidet zwischen spiegelnder und diffuser Reflektion, deren Übergang durch das Rayleigh Kriterium und dem resultierenden kritischen Winkel definiert wird. HierfĂŒr werden verschiedene Messmethoden angewendet. Diese sind die Sandfleckmethode, die Focus beam Methode, ein Messaubau mit Radar mit synthetischer Apertur (SAR) und Freiraum FMCW Radar Messungen, die einen Radarspiegel nutzen. FĂŒr eine mathematische Beschreibung werden einerseits Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichtefunktionen (PDF) der Reflexion mit Normalverteilung und Rayleigh Verteilung ermittelt. Um andererseits die Freiraummessungen zu verarbeiten, werden Radargleichung und Fresnels Gleichungen genutzt, wodurch Werte fĂŒr die relative PermittivitĂ€t und die dazugehörige Rauigkeit berechnet werden, welche in der frei zugĂ€ngigen Datenbank OpenMATERIAL zu VerfĂŒgung stehen. Zur Validierung dienen Referenzobjekte und Messungen mit unterschiedlichen Polarisationen der Radarsensoren.In this work, the influence of different road surfaces and materials, or more precisely of different asphalt and concrete surfaces, is analyzed for the automotive 77GHz band. It comprises all roads commonly found on German highways and distinguishes in specular reflection and diffuse scattering behavior. The changeover from one to the other behavior is determined by the Rayleigh criterion resulting in corresponding critical angles. For these measurements the area of sands method, the focus beam method, a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) setup as well as a openspace FMCW radar setup with a corner reflector are applied. The characterization includes probability density functions (PDF) of the reflectance of these dielectric surfaces using normal distribution as well as Rayleigh distribution. For the evaluation of the openspace measurements, the radar equation and Fresnel's equations are used, resulting in relative permittivity and roughness values, which are provided as well in an open source material library named OpenMATERIAL. For validation purposes reference samples and measurements with different polarization of the radar sensor are used.

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Information

Year
2024
eBook ISBN
9783689510084
Print ISBN
9783689520083
Edition
30

Table of contents

  1. 1 Introduction
  2. 1.1 State of the Art
  3. 1.2 Goals and Content of this Work
  4. 2 Fundamentals and First Estimates
  5. 2.1 Electromagnetic Waves
  6. 2.2 Radar Basics
  7. 2.3 Road Construction and Composition
  8. 2.4 Material Properties
  9. 2.5 Statistical Distributions
  10. 2.6 Relevant Terms in Measurement Engineering
  11. 3 SAR Measurements
  12. 3.1 Measurement Setup
  13. 3.2 Road Samples
  14. 3.3 Validation of the Setup
  15. 3.4 Measurement Results
  16. 3.5 Characterization of Roads by Probability DensityFunctions
  17. 3.6 Concluding Remarks
  18. 4 Openspace Measurements andPermittivity Calculations
  19. 4.1 Testing Ground
  20. 4.2 Roughness
  21. 4.3 Setup
  22. 4.4 Signal Model
  23. 4.5 Results
  24. 4.6 Measurement Deviations and Uncertainties
  25. 4.7 Concluding Remarks
  26. 5 Database for Sensor Simulation
  27. 5.1 OpenMATERIAL
  28. 5.2 Included Data
  29. 5.3 Data Implementation in Progress
  30. 5.4 Future Objectives
  31. 6 Conclusion and Outlook
  32. List of Symbols
  33. List of Acronyms
  34. Bibliography
  35. Own Publications